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FIGURES  AND  SIGNS 


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PRACTICAL  ENGLISH 

FOR    NEW   AMERICANS 


BY 

ROSE   M.   O'TOOLE 


INTERMEDIATE  SERIES 


D.  C.  HEATH  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS 
BOSTON  NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


COPYRIGHT,  1921, 
BY  D.  C.  HEATH  &  Co. 


2  E2 


PRINTED  IN  U.  S.  A. 


CONTENTS 

LESSON  PAGE 

c     I  MY  TRIP  TO  AMERICA 1 

II  ARRIVAL  AT  PORT 3 

<"  III  FROM  NEW  YORK  TO  PITTSBURGH     .....  5 

IV  A  AND  An     --r- . 7 

'  V  RENTING  A  FLAT 9 

VI  BUYING  FURNITURE 11 

VII  CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS 13 

VIII  AT  THE  GROCERY  STORE 15 

.   IX  CORRECT  WEIGHT 18 

X  CORRECT  USE  OF  Did  Not    .^ 20 

</  XI  REVIEW 22 

XII  INTERNATIONAL  MONEY  ORDERS 23 

XIII  NOT  KNOWING  THE  LAW    U^    ......  26 

XIV  How  MR.  PINSARO  LOST  His  MONEY    ....  28 
XV  THE  SAVINGS  BANK \  .    .    .  30 

v  XVI  OPENING  A  BANK  ACCOUNT 32 

XVII  Go,  Went,  AND  Shall  Go    .— .     . 35 

XVIII  PAYING  THE  RENT 38 

XIX  SINGULAR  AND  PLURAL  — 40 

XX  HOLIDAYS  y. 43 

XXI  REVIEW -. 46 

XXII  COLUMBUS  DAY   . 48 

XXIII  NUMBERS  AND  NUMERALS 51 

in 


507410 


IV 


CONTENTS 


LESSON  PAGE 

XXIV  ADJECTIVES 53 

XXV  EXCHANGING  A  SUIT 55 

\/  XXVI  KEEPING  A  PERSONAL  ACCOUNT 58 

XXVII  DEPOSITING  MONEY 60 

XXVIII  Was  AND  Were      .^ 63 

XXEX  A  BUSINESS  LETTER 65 

XXX  FRACTIONS 67 

u-  XXXI  REVIEW   ....... 69 

XXXII  THANKSGIVING  DAY 71 

XXXIII  AT  THE  MEAT  MARKET 74 

XXXIV  INSPECTED  MEAT  .    .  ^ 76 

XXXV  PURE  FOOD  LAWS     .    V/ 78 

XXXVI  This,  That,  These,  Those    .- 80 

XXXVII  AN  AUTOMOBILE  ACCIDENT 82 

XXXVIII  COMMONLY  USED  PRONOUNS  .- 84 

XXXIX  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 86 

XL  THE  SCHOOL  DEPARTMENT  i^. 89 

XLI  THE  NEWSPAPER 91 

XLII  THE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY    .^. 93 

XLIII  Has  AND  Have 96 

XLIV  REVIEW 98 

XLV  THE  FIREMAN  .    .     X 100 

XL VI  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 103 

XL VII  How  WE  SHALL  CHOOSE  OUR  FOOD  ....  106 

XLVIII  THE  POLICEMAN 109 

XLIX  THE  POLICE  COURT  .  Vf 112 

L  A  GOOD  CITIZEN  ..'-...  ^. 115 

LI  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT   ^ 117 

LII  WORDS  THAT  TELL  "How"  .  119 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

LIII    CARELESSNESS 121 

LIV    TONY  "STEALS"  A  SMOKE 124 

LV    APOSTROPHE  IN  THE  POSSESSIVE   -r-  .    .    .    .  126 

LVI    CHECKS  AND  RECEIPTS 128 

LVII    MR.  THOMAS  SPREADS  CONSUMPTION  .    .    .    .  131 

LVIII    INDEPENDENCE  DAY 134 

LIX    THE  FUTURE  TENSE  ^ 136 

^  LX    A  MISTAKE  IN  PAY 138 

,/LXI    FIRST  AID 140 

Accident  Bleeding 

Fainting  Drowning 

Burns  Gas  Poisoning 

LXII    THE  PRESENT  AND  THE  PROGRESSIVE  PRES- 
ENT   f 144 

LXIII    LETTER  OF  APPLICATION  AND  REPLY  ....  147 

LXIV    INSURANCE 150 

LXV    AN  ENTERTAINMENT 153 

LXVI    FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  —  CABLE  REMITTANCES    .  157 

LXVII    DRAFTS 160 

LXVIII    A  MAIL  REMITTANCE 162 

LXIX    THE  PAST  AND  THE  PROGRESSIVE  PAST  .  ".     .  164 

LXX    TELEGRAMS  AND  NIGHT  LETTERS 166 

LXXI    USE  OF  RELATIVE  PRONOUNS    - 169 

LXXII    WORKMEN'S  COMPENSATION  LAW    /   .    .    .    .  171 

LXXIII    DISABLED  INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS     Y  .    .    .    .  174 
LXXIV    How  TO  BECOME  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES 176 

LXXV    How  TO  BECOME  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES  (Continued)              178 


vi  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

APPENDIX.    STUDIES  IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS  .    .    .    .     181 

Greetings  Buying 

The  Weather  Selling 

At  Work  At  the  Grocery  Store 

On  the  Street  At  the  Theater 

In  an  Employment  Illness 

Office  Time 

Asking  Directions  Sending  and  Receiving 

Giving  Directions  Telegrams 

On  a  Train  Telephoning 

On  a  Street  Car  Miscellaneous 


PRACTICAL   ENGLISH 

INTERMEDIATE  SERIES 
LESSON  I 

MY  TRIP  TO   AMERICA 

(Have  pupils  trace  on  map  the  trip  from  their  former  home 
in  Europe  to  their  present  home.) 

brother  Portugal  many 

steamship  Russia  some 

Canopic  New  York  a  few 

My  brother  and  I  came  to  America  one  year  ago. 

We  came  on  the  steamship  Canopic.  It  took  us 
nine  days  to  cross  the  ocean. 

There  were  many  men  and  women  from  Italy  on 
the  boat.  There  were  some  from  Portugal.  There 
were  a  few  from  Russia. 

The  weather  was  not  very  cold. 

We  had  a  good  trip. 

We  landed  in  New  York. 

Facts  :  Columbus  discovered  America  on  October  12, 
14.92.  He  landed  on  an  island  off  the  coast  oj  Florida. 


MY  TRIP   TO   AMERICA 


EXERCISES 

On  what  date  did  you  come  to  this  country  —  the 
month,  the  day,  and  the  year  ? 

What  is  the  name  of  the  boat  on  which  you  came  ? 

How  long  did  it  take  you  to  cross  the  ocean  ? 

Was  the  weather  cold  ? 

From  what  port  did  you  sail  ? 

At  what  port  did  you  land  ? 

Did  you  have  a  good  trip  ? 

What  is  the  name  of  the  city  in  Europe  in  which 
you  lived  last  ? 

With  whom  did  you  come  to  America  ? 

Tell  about  your  journey. 

Write  a  short  story  of  your  trip  to  America. 


LESSON  II 

ARRIVAL  AT  PORT 


docked  Special  Inquiry 

Ellis  Island  allowed 

officers  protection 

Our  boat  docked  at  Ellis  Island.  A  doctor 
examined  each  person.  We  entered  a  large  build- 
ing. We  answered  many  questions.  We  were  then 
taken  to  New  York. 

An  officer  wrote  S.  I.  on  one  man's  coat.  S.  I. 
means  Special  Inquiry. 

He  did  not  look  like  a  good  man.  He  may  be 
sent  back  to  his  own  country. 

No  one  is  allowed  to  enter  the  United  States  who 
will  not  become  a  good  citizen. 

Each  country  makes  laws  of  this  kind  for  its  own 
protection. 

3 


4  ARRIVAL  AT   PORT 

Facts :    Columbus  made  jour  voyages  to  America. 
He  thought  he  had  discovered  the  Indies. 


EXERCISES 

Where  did  the  boat  on  which  you  came  to  Amer- 
ica dock  ? 

Where  is  Ellis  Island  ? 

Did  a  doctor  examine  you  ? 

Why  must  every  one  be  examined  ? 

What  does  S.  I.  mean  ? 

Who  put  it  on  the  man's  coat  ? 

Why  did  he  put  it  there  ? 

Where  may  this  man  be  sent  ? 

Why  does  our  country  make  such  laws  ? 

Do  other  countries  make  laws  of  the  same  kind  ? 

Why? 


LESSON  III 

FROM   NEW  YORK  TO   PITTSBURGH 

Learn :   At  what  time  does  the  next  train  leave  for 

Pittsburgh,  please  ? 
At  9  :io  on  track  25. 

railroad  punched 

station  gateman 

track  started 

tickets  arrived 

Mr.  De  Nunzio  met  us  in  New  York.  He  took 
us  to  the  railroad  station.  He  went  to  the  In- 
formation Desk.  He  asked  when  the  next  train 
left  for  Pittsburgh. 

"At  9:10  on  track  25,"  the  clerk  answered.  He 
gave  Mr.  De  Nunzio  a  time  table. 

Mr.  De  Nunzio  went  to  a  ticket  window.  "Three 
tickets  for  Pittsburgh,  please,"  he  said.  Then  we 
went  to  track  25. 

A  gateman  punched  our  tickets  and  we  went  into 
the  train.  The  train  started  in  a  few  minutes.  We 
arrived  in  Pittsburgh  at  8:00  P.M. 

Facts  :  Columbus  named  the  islands  he  had  dis- 
covered the  West  Indies.  He  called  the  natives  he 
found  there  Indians. 


6  FROM   NEW  YORK  TO   PITTSBURGH 

TIME  TABLE 

(The  teacher  should  instruct  pupils  how  to  read  the  time 
table.  Local  time  tables  should  be  studied,  and  various  refer- 
ences made  clear.) 


TABLE  70.  — NEW  YORK  AND  WASHINGTON  TO  PITTSBURGH 


10.1 
58.01 


•Manhattan  Transfer.  . 

"    Newark 

LvTrenton 


63.8 

69.3 

85.8 

91.3 

92.8 
159.4 
195. 2  A 


Lv  Atlantic  City 


96.2 
123.3 
19572 
255.9 
292.2 
311.8 
326 
363.5 
387,6 
399.8 
409.1 
413.2 
426.0 
435.3 


EASTERN  TIME 


v  NEW  YORK  (Penn*.  8t».) 


v  NEW  YORK  (Hudson  Term. 
Jersey  City  (Exchange  Place) 
r  'Manhattan  Transfer 


"    Lancaster 
r  Harrisburg 


439. 8  Ar  PITTSBURGH 


Lv  Washington   (Lnion  Station; 

Baltimore  (Union  Station) 
«    York 

Ar  Harrlsburg 


Lv  Harrisburg 
Lewistown  .' 
Huntingdon 
Tyrone  .. . — — 


.5  "    Johnstown 

Blairsville   Intersection.. 
Latrobe 

Greensburg 
Jeannett*.. 
Wilmerding 
East  Liberty 


Light  face  figures  show  time  from  12.01  midnight  to  12  00  o'clock  noon. 
Uarkjace  figures  show  time  from  12.01  noon  to  12.00  o'clock  midnight.. 


To  THE  PUPIL 

Find  on  this  time  table  the  train  on  which  Mr.  De  Nunzio 
took  his  friends  to  Pittsburgh. 


LESSON  IV 

A   AND   AN 

Learn  :  Are  you  an  Italian  ? 

No  I  am  an  American. 

I  am  a  man. 

I  am  an  American. 

a  child  an  American 

a  window  an  aunt 

a  book  an  army 

a  woman  an  orange 

a  house  an  Armenian 

a  question  an  inch 

a  glass  an  example 

a  knife  an  apple 

a  cup  an  island 

a  chair  an  ear 

a  boy  an  accident 

a  picture  an  arm 

a  machine  an  answer 

a  desk  an  egg 

a  girl  an  avenue 

Facts :  The  early  settlers  in  America  came  from 
Spain,  France,  and  England.  Thus  the  first  settlers 
came  from  some  country  in  Europe  and  were  im- 
migrants. 

7 


8  A   AND  AN 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blanks  with  a  or  an : 
She  is  -     -  woman. 

He  is American. 

Bring  me knife,  please. 

I  had  -     -  orange  for  breakfast. 

I  have  -     -  aunt  in  New  York. 

Have  you  -     -  picture  of  the  President  ? 

They  had  -     -  army  of  great  size. 

Is  he  -     -  soldier  ? 

Have  you  -     -  pencil  ? 

arm  was  broken. 

WRITING 

Copy  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks  with 
a  or  an : 

She  was  in  -  —  accident. 

He  was  sitting  at desk. 

They  lived  on island. 

This  is picture  of  my  sister. 

He  is  eating apple. 

man  came  into  the  room. 


LESSON  V 

RENTING  A  FLAT 

Learn  :  Certainly.     Come  this  way. 

inquire  rent  painted 

flat  condition  papered 

"Good-morning.     What  do  you  wish?" 

"We  saw  the  sign  outside  and  would  like  to  in- 
quire about  this  flat.     How  many  rooms  has  it  ?" 

"The  flat  has  five  rooms." 

"What  is  the  rent,  please  ?" 

"The  rent  is  twenty  dollars  ($20.00)  a  month." 

"Is  the  house  in  good  condition  ?" 

"Yes.     The  rooms  have  just  been  painted  and 
papered." 

"Do  the  rooms  get  much  sunshine  ?" 
'Yes,  the  sun  shines  into  every  room  some  part 
of  each  day.     Would  you  like  to  see  the  flat  ?" 
'Yes,  we  would  like  to  see  it,  please." 

"Come  this  way." 

"This  is  a  good  flat.     We  will  rent  it." 

"When  will  you  move  in  ?" 

"We  will  move  in  Thursday.     I  will  pay  you  part 
of  the  rent,  now." 

"Thank  you,  sir." 

"You  are  welcome." 

9 


io  RENTING  A   FLAT 

Facts  :  Later  many  immigrants  came  to  America 
from  Ireland,  Germany,  Holland,  and  Scotland.  But 
the  largest  immigration  was  from  England. 

EXERCISES 

Do  you  rent  a  flat  ? 

How  long  have  you  lived  there  ? 

On  what  floor  is  it  ? 

How  many  rooms  do  you  have  ? 

Name  the  rooms. 

Do  you  get  fresh  air  and  sunshine  in  your  flat  ? 

Are  the  rooms  large  or  small  ? 

Are  there  any  children  in  your  family  ? 

Do  you  allow  them  to  scratch  the  paint,  or  mark 
on  the  wall  paper  ?* 

Or  do  you  teach  them  to  be  careful  in  and  around 
the  house  ? 

Why  should  we  teach  children  to  be  careful  in  and 
around  the  house  ? 

If  the  flat  you  rented  had  not  been  properly  cared 
for,  would  you  have  taken  it  ? 

Every  one  should  care  for  the  property  of  others 
just  as  he  would  if  it  were  his  own. 


LESSON  VI 

BUYING   FURNITURE 

furniture  rug  advantage 

dealer  instalment  article 

dresser  plan  monthly 

We  did  not  have  enough  furniture  for  our  new 
flat.  We  decided  to  buy  a  few  more  pieces.  We 
looked  for  furniture  advertisements  in  the  news- 
paper. We  saw  this  one. 


ANNIVERSARY  SALE 

See  Our  Values 
$100.00  Chamber  Suite  Reduced  to  $79.50 

Bed,  Dresser,  and  Chiffonier  of  Solid  Oak 

Colonial  Period  Dining  Suite $87.00 

Colonial  dining  room  furniture  is  the  choice  of  hundreds 
of  people.     This  is  an  eight-piece  set.  —  Large  buffet,  ex- 
tension table,  and  six  chairs. 

Room  size  CrexRugs,  $12  value $9.25 

Room  size  Wool  Fiber  Rugs,  $15  value.  .  .$11.75 

Room  size  Tapestry  Rugs,  $35  value $22.60 

Room  size  Axminster  Rugs,  $65  value .  .  .  $48.75 

There  are  many  other  bargains  of  equal  value. 

Goods  held  for  future  delivery 

THE  MORSE  FURNITURE   CO. 


12  BUYING   FURNITURE 

We  went  to  the  store.  The  dealer  showed  us 
furniture,  pictures,  carpets,  rugs,  and  many  other 
things. 

We  bought  a  bed,  a  dresser,  a  dining  room  table, 
four  chairs,  and  a  rug. 

The  dealer  asked  if  we  wished  to  buy  them  on  the 
instalment  plan. 

I  said,  "No,  I  will  pay  for  them  now." 

It  is  sometimes  an  advantage  to  be  able  to  buy 
furniture  or  clothing  on  instalments,  but  I  knew  we 
would  have  to  pay  more  for  them  that  way. 

Facts :  The  parts  of  America  where  immigrants 
settled  were  called  colonies.  Each  foreign  nation 
ruled  over  its  own  colonies. 

CONVERSATION 

"Do  you  wish  this  skirt,  madam  ?" 
"Yes,  I  will  take  it.     How  much  is  it  ?" 
"It  is  twelve  dollars  on  instalments,  or  nine  dol- 
lars cash." 

"  I  will  pay  cash  for  it.  Why  do  you  charge  more 
for  clothing  that  is  paid  for  on  the  instalment  plan  ?" 
"  Because  on  the  instalment  plan  we  have  to  wait 
so  long  for  our  money.  Some  people  never  pay, 
and  we  have  to  take  back  our  goods.  We  cannot 
afford  to  lose  money,  so  we  have  to  charge  more." 

I 


LESSON  VII 

CHANGE   OF  ADDRESS 

Learn  :  What  is  your  new  address,  please  ? 
What  was  your  old  address  ? 


settled 
enjoyed 
post  office 


returned 

mail 

notified 


easier 

delivery 

quicker 


We  moved  into  our  new  flat  on  Thursday.  It 
took  about  a  week  to  get  settled. 

The  rooms  were  bright  and  sunny.  We  enjoyed 
it  very  much. 

I  went  to  the  post  office  and  told  the  clerk  I  had 
moved.  He  gave  me  this  card  to  fill  out. 


ORDER  TO  CHANGE  ADDRESS 
THIS  CANCELS  ALL  PREVIOUS  QRDEKS  DATE. 


SIGNATURE 


(NAMB  IN  FULL) 


NEW  ADDRESS . 


UNTIL  — 


LAST  OLD 
ADDRESSES 


MUST  at  GIVEN. 


3.  - 


ORDERS  TO  FORWARD  GENE  HAL  DEXiURT  MAIL  (AT  CITY  DELIVERY  OPPICEs)  ESPIRI  IN  10  DAY!  UNLESS  R 
THE  SIttNATUBI  AND  TITLE  OP  THC  AUTNORIZED  AOENT  PO*  A  FIRM  Ol  COMPANY  MUST  ALtO  ••  8IVEN. 
UNLESS  OTHERWUE  DIRECTED.  BOTH  ORDINARY  MAIL  OP  THE  FIRST  CLASS  AND  RE8ISTERED  MAIL  WILL  IE  FORWARDED 
,   THIS  CARD  MAY  SC  MAILED  TO  ANOTHER  PO.THA.Tt.  IT  PLACIN«  ADDRESS  AND  PROPER  POSTA4E  ON  REVU9C  ||g(. 


14  CHANGE   OF   ADDRESS 

I  filled  it  out  and  dropped  it  in  a  mail  box. 

Several  letters  had  been  sent  to  my  old  address 
and  had  been  returned  to  the  post  office. 

After  I  rilled  out  the  card,  these  letters  and  all 
other  mail  were  sent  to  my  new  address. 

I  also  notified  my  friends  that  I  had  moved. 
This  makes  it  easier  for  the  clerks  at  the  post  office. 
It  also  makes  the  delivery  of  mail  quicker. 

Facts  :  The  thirteen  colonies  were  under  the  rule  of 
England.  A  war  was  fought  between  England  and 
France  over  the  ownership  of  the  central  and  western 
parts  of  America. 

EXERCISES 

(The  teacher  should  obtain  a  supply  of  change  of  address 
cards,  so  that  pupils  may  have  practice  in  filling  them  out.) 

Have  you  moved  recently  (lately)  ? 
How  long  did  it  take  you  to  get  settled  ? 
What  is  your  new  address  ? 
What  was  your  old  address  ? 

Did  you  fill  out  a  card  at  the  post  office  ?     Why  ? 
Did  you  tell  your  friends  that  you  had  moved  ? 
Fill  out  a  card  giving  your  new  address  and  two 
old  addresses. 
Write  plainly. 


LESSON  VIII 

AT  THE   GROCERY   STORE 
Learn  :  What  is  it,  madam  ? 

flour  special 

onions  brand 

peck  customers 

coffee  pound 

"How  much  is  flour  a  bag  ?" 

"One  dollar  and  sixty-five  cents  (#1.65).  We 
sell  a  great  deal  of  our  flour.  It  makes  very  good 
bread." 

"I  will  take  a  bag.     Do  you  sell  vegetables  ?" 

:'Yes.     We  have  potatoes  and  onions." 

"Give  me  a  peck  of  potatoes  and  two  pounds  of 
onions,  please." 

"Would  you  like  to  try  our  coffee  ?  It  is  our 
special  brand,  and  customers  like  it  very  much. 
We  sell  it  for  forty-five  cents  a  pound." 

:<  Yes,  I  need  some  coffee.     I  will  take  one  pound." 

"Is  there  anything  else  to-day?" 

"No,  I  think  that  is  all.  How  much  does  that 
come  to  ?" 

The  clerk  wrote  on  a  slip  : 

is 


i6 


AT   THE   GROCERY   STORE 


L.  COHEN  A.  ROZEN 

ROZEN'S  GROCERY  STORE 

349  HURON  AVE. 

Back  Bay  4841- W 

Boston,  Mass.,   &fit.  7,    192/ 
Sold  to 
Address 


\ 

/  (^  flow 

f/ 

66 

2     /  ja&eik,  foota,toea> 

10 

3 

2  LU.  <wuw* 

20 

4 

/  16-.    6O^fa& 

^ 

5 

fa 

20 

6 

7 

B 

9 

JO 

"It  comes  to  three  dollars  and  twenty  cents." 
"Here  are  three  dollars  and  a  half." 
"Thirty  cents  in  change,   madam.     Thank  you. 
Come  again." 

Facts  :  England  won  the  war  with  France.  It  cost 
a  great  deal  of  money.  England  thought  the  colonies 
should  help  pay  the  cost  of  the  war. 


AT   THE   GROCERY   STORE  17 

EXERCISES 

What  do  we  buy  at  a  grocery  store  ? 

Write  on  the  board  a  list  of  things  you  have 
bought  there. 

Write  what  they  cost. 

Add  up  the  bill. 

If  you  gave  the  grocer  five  dollars,  what  change 
would  you  get  ? 

WRITING 

Copy  these  words  into  your  note  book.  Learn  to 
spell  them. 

sugar  cocoa 

tea  pepper 

eggs  crackers 

butter  starch 

salt  soap 

SUGGESTED  CONVERSATION  LESSONS 

At  the  Bakery. 
At  the  Fruit  Store. 
At  a  Newspaper  Stand. 


LESSON  IX 

•  CORRECT   WEIGHT 
Learn  :  Dishonesty  does  not  pay. 

received  employs 

weight  merchant 

scales  trades 

exact  honest 

Mrs.  Williams  bought  three  dollars  and  twenty 
cents  worth  of  groceries.  She  wanted  to  be  sure 
that  she  received  the  right  weight. 

So  she  watched  the  scales  when  the  clerk  weighed 
her  groceries.  He  weighed  them  very  carefully  and 
gave  her  the  exact  amount. 

A  merchant  must  have  his  scales  correct. 

The  government  employs  men  who  examine  meas- 
ures and  scales.  If  scales  weigh  too  heavy  the 
merchant  is  arrested.  He  may  be  fined  or  sent  to 
prison. 

Sometimes  Mrs.  Williams  weighs  her  groceries 
when  she  goes  home.  She  has  never  found  any 
mistake  in  weight. 

She  always  trades  at  the  same  store  because  she 
can  be  sure  of  honest  weight. 

18 


CORRECT  WEIGHT  19 

Facts :  The  colonists  did  not  think  they  should 
help  pay  the  cost  of  the  war  between  England  and 
France.  England  tried  to  force,  them  to  pay  a  share 
of  it  by  taxing  them. 

Weights  and  Measures 

(The  teacher  should  have  at  hand  all  the  measures  possible. 
The  class  should  drill  on  the  terms,  and  become  familiar  with 
what  they  represent.) 

WEIGHT 

16  ounces  (oz.)  =  i  pound  (Ib.) 
2000  pounds  (lbs.)  =  i  ton 

LIQUID  MEASURE 

4  gills  =  I  pint  (pt.) 

2  pints  =  I  quart  (qt.) 

4  quarts  =  i  gallon  (gal.) 

DRY  MEASURE 

2  pints  =  I  quart  (qt.) 
8  quarts  =  i  peck  (pk.) 

4  pecks  =  i  bushel  (bu.) 

LONG  MEASURE 

12  inches  (in.)  =  i  foot  (ft.) 

3  feet  (ft.)  =  i  yard  (yd.) 
5280  feet  =  i  mile 


LESSON  X 

CORRECT   USE   OF  DID  NOT 

Did  you  get  your  pay  ? 
I  did  not  get  my  pay. 

Did  I  make  a  mistake  ? 
You  did  not  make  a  mistake. 

Did  he  start  on  piece  work  to-day  ? 
He  did  not  start  on  piece  work  to-day. 

Did  she  live  in  this  city  ? 
She  did  not  live  in  this  city. 

Did  we  lose  any  time  ? 
We  did  not  lose  any  time. 

Did  they  get  the  train  ? 
They  did  not  get  the  train. 

I  did  not  get  my  pay. 
You  did  not  get  your  pay. 
He  did  not  get  his  pay. 
She  did  not  get  her  pay. 

20 


CORRECT  USE  OF  DID  NOT  21 

We  did  not  get  our  pay. 
You  did  not  get  your  pay. 
They  did  not  get  their  pay. 

Facts  :    The  colonists  refused  to  pay  the  tax.     They 
decided  to  free  themselves  from  the  rule  of  England. 

EXERCISES 
Answer  these  questions,  using  the  words  did  not : 

Did  she  know  how  to  write  ? 

Did  you  ride  home  ? 

Did  you  take  an  umbrella  ? 

Did  they  come  from  Poland  ? 

Did  she  come  to  America  alone  ? 

Did  I  spell  your  name  correctly  ? 

Did  I  write  it  plainly  ? 

Did  he  go  to  Buffalo  ? 

Did  you  meet  him  ? 

Did  we  have  two  tickets  ? 

Did  we  take  your  seats  ? 

Did  she  take  her  books  ? 

Make    up    original    sentences    using    the    words 
did  not. 


LESSON  XI 

REVIEW 

« 

Tell  what  you  would  do  if  you  wanted  to  buy  a 
ticket  for  Pittsburgh. 

Explain  the  instalment  plan. 

What  are  the  disadvantages  of  the  instalment  plan  ? 

Where  do  you  buy  a  pair  of  shoes  ? 

Where  do  you  buy  a  suit  of  clothes  ? 

Where  do  you  buy  a  loaf  of  bread  ? 

Where  can  you  buy  a  dozen  of  oranges  ? 

Where  can  you  buy  vegetables  ? 

What  do  you  buy  by  the  pound  ? 

What  do  you  buy  by  the  ton  ? 

What  is  sold  by  the  pint  ? 

What  is  sold  by  the  quart  ? 

What  have  you  bought  by  the  peck  ? 

What  have  you  bought  by  the  yard  ? 

If  you  buy  a  suit  of  clothes  ($25.00),  a  pair  of 
shoes  ($6.00),  a  shirt  ($2.00),  and  a  handkerchief 
($.50),  what  will  they  cost  in  all  ?  What  change 
will  you  get  from  forty  dollars  ($40.00)  ? 

Add: 

#3-95  #3-90  $776  $2.86 

4.20  5.00  3.42  3.74 

.65  6.24  i. 06  5.50 


22 


LESSON  XII 

INTERNATIONAL   MONEY   ORDERS 

borrowed  application  sealed 

passage  receipt  thanks 

earned  envelope  Sweden 

Mr.  Engstrom  came  from  Sweden.  He  borrowed 
from  his  brother  the  money  to  pay  his  passage. 

He  found  work  soon  after  he  landed.  He  saved 
his  money.  Now  he  had  enough  to  return  the  money 
he  had  borrowed. 

He  knew  it  was  not  safe  to  send  money  in  a  letter. 

He  went  to  the  post  office.  He  filled  out  an  inter- 
national money  order  blank.  He  made  it  out  fully 
and  plainly. 

First  he  wrote  the  amount  of  money  he  wished  to 
send.  Then  he  wrote  the  name  of  the  person  to 
whom  the  money  was  to  be  sent  (his  brother). 

Next  he  wrote  the  name  of  the  town,  the  street  and 
number,  the  county,  the  province,  and  the  country 
in  which  his  brother  lived. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  blank  he  wrote  his  own  name 
and  address. 

He  handed  to  the  post  office  clerk  the  blank 
and  the  money  he  was  sending.  The  clerk  made 
out  the  money  order  and  gave  a  receipt  to  Mr. 

23 


24     INTERNATIONAL  MONEY  ORDERS 

Engstrom.  Mr.  Engstrom  wrote  a  letter  to  his 
brother,  telling  him  that  he  was  sending  him  a 
money  order  to  pay  what  he  had  borrowed.  He 
thanked  his  brother  for  helping  him. 

He  sealed  the  letter  and  mailed  it.  He  kept  the 
receipt  for  the  money  order. 

He  was  glad  to  return  the  money  he  had  borrowed. 

Facts  :  The  king  of  England  sent  soldiers  to  force 
the  colonists  to  pay  the  tax  and  to  obey  his  orders. 
This  led  to  war. 

INSTRUCTIONS 

(To  be  read  and  explained  by  the  teacher.  To  be  read 
afterwards  by  the  pupils.) 

In  filling  out  an  international  money  order  blank, 
the  given  name  or  the  initials  of  the  person  sending 
the  money  order  and  of  the  person  receiving  it  should 
be  written  before  the  last  name  ;  as,  John  H.  Brown. 

If  a  person  has  only  one  given  name,  it  should  be 
written  in  full ;  for  example,  John  Brown,  not  J. 
Brown. 

The  name  of  a  married  woman  should  be  stated 
instead  of  that  of  her  husband ;  as  Mrs.  Mary  T. 
Olsen  instead  of  Mrs.  John  W.  Olsen. 

Names  of  streets  and  numbers  of  houses  should  be 
written  in  full  and  very  plainly. 

If  these  instructions  are  carried  out,  it  will  prevent 
mistakes  and  delays  in  payment. 


INTERNATIONAL  MONEY  ORDERS 


Stamp  of  issuing  office. 


(No.  6701) 


JDost 


SDepartment 


TH1KD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER  GE3NTEBAL 

DIVISION  OF  MONEY  ORDERS 
U.  S.  MONEY  FOREIGN  MONEY 

No  ...................  Amount,  $  ............. 

No  ...................  Amount,  $  ............. 

No  ...................  Amount,  $  ............. 

Payable  in  ........................................................................................................ 

(Postmaster  will  write  on  this  line  "  Great  Britain  "  or  "  Italy,  "  etc.,  as  case  may  be.) 
(Space  above  this  line  is  for  the  Postmaster's  record,  to  be  filled  in  by  him.) 

(Spaces  below  to  be  filled  in  with  pen  and  ink  by  the  applicant,  or  by  some  person  for  him  not 
connected  with  the  post  office.) 

Application  for  International  Money  Order 

For  the  sum  of  ................................  .  ..................................................... 

and  ......................................................................................................... 

Payable  to  ........................................................................................ 

(Write  on  this  line  name  of  person  who  is  to  receive  the  money.) 

-Town  or  City,  ............................................................... 

Repifcencoef°r        No  ...............  >  ........................................................  Street 

County  Canton,        1     . 
whom  the  Kreis  or  Department    / 

Province,.... 

Country,  ........................................................................ 

Sent  by  ............................................................................................... 

(Write  on  this  line  the  name  of  the  remitter.) 

Repiaceenof°r        No  ...............  ,  ........................................................  Street 

business  of 
thepersonby        )    Town  Or  City,  ............................................................... 

whom  the 

State  of  .........................  .  ..............................  .  ................. 

(See  other  side) 


LESSON  XIII 

NOT   KNOWING   THE   LAW 

Learn  :  Ignorance  of  the  law  is  no  excuse. 

arrested  dangerous 

revolver  weapon 

pocket  license 

law  ignorance 

carry  excuse 

"Did  you  know  that  John  was  arrested  yester- 
day?" 

"No,  why  was  he  arrested  ?" 

"Because  he  had  a  revolver  in  his  pocket." 

"Is  it  against  the  law  to  carry  a  revolver  ?" 

"Yes,  it  is  against  the  law  to  carry  any  dangerous 
weapon,  unless  you  have  a  license." 

"Did  John  know  of  this  law  ?" 

"No,  he  did  not  know  of  it." 

"Why  was  he  arrested  if  he  did  not  know  of  the 
law?"  " 

"Because  ignorance  of  the  law  does  not  excuse 

any  one." 

LAWS 

It  is  against  the  law : 

To  carry  a  gun  or  dangerous  weapon  without 
a  license. 

26 


NOT   KNOWING   THE  LAW  27 

To  spit  on  the  sidewalk  or  on  the  floor  of  a  street 
car,  train,  etc. 

To  marry  a  girl  under  eighteen  years  of  age  with- 
out the  consent  of  her  parents. 

To  hold  mass  meetings  or  parades  without  a 
license. 

To  drive  an  automobile  without  a  license. 

To  sell  milk  or  cigarettes  without  a  license. 

To  peddle  anything  without  a  license. 

Facts :  The  war  between  England  and  America 
began  on  April  IQ,  1775,  at  the  battle  of  Lexington  and 
Concord.  This  battle  was  called  the  beginning  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

EXERCISES 

Tell  in  your  own  words  the  story  of  John  not 
knowing  the  law. 

Do  you  know  of  any  one  who  was  arrested  for 
carrying  a  dangerous  weapon  ? 

Why  is  it  necessary  to  obtain  a  license  if  you  wish 
to  carry  a  weapon  ? 

Name  five  things  which  it  is  against  the  law  to  do 
without  a  license. 

Where  can  you  obtain  a  license  ? 

Did  you  ever  obtain  a  license  ? 

Tell  how  you  did  it,  and  what  you  had  to  pay. 


LESSON  XIV 

HOW   MR.   PINSARO   LOST  HIS   MONEY 
Learn  :  Indeed  !     I  am  very  sorry. 

worried  troubled 

unhappy  deposit 

wrong  amount 

Mr.  Pinsaro  looked  worried.     He  did  not  do  his 
work  well.     He  seemed  very  unhappy. 

Mr.  Souza  thought  that  something  troubled  him. 

"Is  there  anything  wrong,  Mr.  Pinsaro  ?" 
"Yes,  I  have  lost  ninety-five  dollars  ($95.00)." 
"Indeed!     I  am  very  sorry.     Did  you  lose  it  at 

work?" 

"I  don't  know.     I  must  have  pulled  it  out  with 

my  handkerchief." 

"Why,    you    didn't    have    ninety-five    dollars    in 

your  pocket,  did  you  ?" 

"Yes.     I  was  waiting  until  I  had  one  hundred 

dollars.     Then  I  was  going  to  put  it  in  the  bank." 
"Why  did  you  carry  it  with  you  ?" 
"I  did  not  wish  to  leave  it  in  my  room." 
"That  is  too  bad.     Didn't  you  know  that   you 

could  deposit  even  one  dollar  in  the  bank?" 

28 


HOW   MR.   PINSARO   LOST  HIS   MONEY        29 

"Yes,  but  I  thought  it  would  be  better  to  wait 
until  I  could  put  in  a  large  amount.  I  am  very 
sorry  now  that  I  did  so." 

Facts  :  The  War  of  the  American  Revolution  lasted 
eight  years.  The  King  of  France  sent  men,  ships, 
and  money  to  help  the  colonists.  The  war  ended  by 
m,aking  the  colonists  a  free  and  independent  people. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  the  largest  sum  of  money  you  have  ever 
lost  ? 

How  did  you  lose  it  ? 

Did  you  ever  find  it  ? 

How  much  money  did  Mr.  Pinsaro  lose  ? 

What  should  Mr.  Pinsaro  have  done  with  his 
money  ? 

Why  did  he  not  do  this  ? 

Was  he  sorry  ? 

How  much  money  is  needed  to  open  a  bank 
account  ? 

Do  you  know  of  any  one  else  who  lost  money  ? 
If  so,  tell  the  class  about  it. 


LESSON  XV 

THE   SAVINGS  BANK 
Learn :  A  penny  saved  is  a  penny  earned. 

hide  account 

bury  protection 

interest  habit 

allowing  citizen 

A  great  deal  of  money  is  lost  every  year.  One 
reason  is  because  people  do  not  put  their  money 
in  the  bank. 

Some  people  carry  it  in  their  pockets,  as  Mr. 
Pinsaro  did.  Some  hide  it  in  the  house.  Others 
dig  a  hole  in  the  ground  and  bury  it.  The  money 
may  be  lost,  burned,  or  stolen. 

The  best  and  safest  place  to  keep  your  money  is 
in  the  Savings  Bank.  No  one  can  steal  it.  You 
cannot  lose  it,  and  the  bank  pays  you  interest  for 
the  use  of  it. 

A  bank  account  is  a  good  protection  against  a 
"rainy  day."  The  account  grows  very  fast,  and  it 
gives  you  the  habit  of  saving. 

The  man  who  saves  makes  a  better  citizen  than 
the  man  who  does  not  save. 


THE   SAVINGS  BANK  31 

The  money  you  earn  in  a  week  costs  a  week  of 
hard  work.  If  you  lose  that  money,  it  is  just  the 
same  as  working  all  that  time  for  nothing. 

Facts  :  The  Declaration  of  Independence  was  signed 
in  Philadelphia  on  July  4,  1776.  It  declared  that 
"these  United  Colonies  are  and  of  right  ought  to  be, 
free  and  independent  States. " 

TOPICS   FOR  DISCUSSION 
National  Banks 
Postal  Savings  Banks 
Five  and  Ten-Cent  Savings  Banks 

(The  teacher  should  bring  out  the  facts  that  all  our  Savings 
Banks  are  under  government  supervision;  that  they  pay  4  or 
4^  per  cent  interest,  while  the  Postal  Savings  Bank  pays  only 
2  per  cent;  and  that  both  are  safe.) 

EXERCISES 

What  is  "interest"  ? 

What  do  we  mean  by  a  "rainy  day"  ? 

Why  does  having  a  bank  account  give  you  the 
habit  of  saving  ? 

Why  does  a  man  who  saves  make  a  better  citizen 
than  one  who  doesn't  save  ? 

Give  three  reasons  for  putting  money  in  the  bank. 

How  much  interest  do  our  Savings  Banks  pay  ? 

How  much  interest  does  the  Postal  Savings  Bank 
pay? 


LESSON  XVI 

OPENING   A  BANK  ACCOUNT 

Learn :    A  bank  account  is  the  first   step  toward 
wealth. 

signature  occupation 

residence  marked 

birthplace  handed 

Mr.  Pinsaro  wished  to  open  a  bank  account. 
He  went  to  the  Cincinnati  Savings  Bank.  He 
went  to  the  window  marked  "New  Accounts." 
He  told  the  clerk  he  would  like  to  open  an  account. 

The  clerk  gave  him  a  card.     Mr.  Pinsaro  wrote 
on  the  card  the  answers  to  these  questions. 
What  is  your  name  ?     (Sign  here) 

Albert  Pinsaro. 
Where  do  you  live  ?     (Residence) 

Cincinnati. 

What  is  your  street  and  number  ?  (Post  office 
address) 

56  Graham  St. 
Where  were  you  born  ?     (Birthplace) 

Italy. 

When  were  you  born  ?     (Date  of  birth) 
April  14,  1889. 

32 


OPENING  A  BANK  ACCOUNT  33 

What  is  your  father's  name  ?     (Father's  name) 

John  Pinsaro. 
What  is  your  mother's  name  ?     (Mother's  name) 

Mary  Pinsaro. 

What  is  your  wife's  name  ?  (Name  of  husband 
or  wife) 

Annie  Pinsaro. 
What  is  your  occupation  ?     (Occupation) 

Machinist. 

Mr.  Pinsaro  handed  the  card  to  the  clerk. 
The    clerk   wrote    Mr.    Pinsaro's   name    and    the 
date  on  a  bank  book.     The  number  of  the  bank  book 
was  46342. 

Mr.  Pinsaro  opened  his  account  with  two  dollars 

($2.00). 

Facts :  The  new  nation  needed  a  new  government  to 
guide  it.  The  states  chose  their  wisest  and  best  men 
and  sent  them  to  Philadelphia  (1787)  to  see  what 
should  be  done. 

EXERCISES 

Have  you  ever  opened  a  bank  account  ? 

Did  you  write  on  the  card  the  answer  to  the 
questions,  or  did  the  clerk  write  them  ? 

Is  it  necessary  to  know  how  to  write  to  open  a 
bank  account  ? 

When  is  your  pay  day  ? 


34 


OPENING  A   BANK  ACCOUNT 


How  much  money  can  you  save  each  week  ? 

Where  do  you  put  your  money  ? 

With  what  sum  of  money  did  you  open  your  bank 
account  ? 

With  what  sum  of  money  did  Mr.  Pinsaro  open 
his  bank  account  ? 

Fill  out  a  card  like  the  one  below  : 


46342 


I  hereby  agree  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the 

CINCINNATI  SAVINGS  BANK 
relating  to  savings  deposits  now  or  hereafter  in  force. 


Sign  here 


Residence 

Birthplace 

Father's  Name 

Name  of  husband  or  wife 

Deposited  by 


Post  Office  Address 
Date  of  Birth 
Mother's  name 

Occupation 
Date 


LESSON  XVII 

GO,   WENT,  AND   SHALL  GO 

I 

To-day  is  Tuesday. 
Yesterday  was  Monday. 
To-morrow  will  be  Wednesday. 

To-day  I  go  to  school. 
Yesterday  I  went  to  school. 
To-morrow  I  shall  go  to  school. 

To-day  you  go  to  work. 
Yesterday  you  went  to  work. 
To-morrow  you  will  go  to  work. 

To-day  (he,  she)  goes  to  the  bank. 
Yesterday  (he,  she)  went  to  the  bank. 
To-morrow  (he,  she)  will  go  to  the  bank. 

To-day  we  go  to  the  grocer's. 
Yesterday  we  went  to  the  grocer's. 
To-morrow  we  shall  go  to  the  grocer's. 

To-day  they  go  to  the  market. 
Yesterday  they  went  to  the  market. 
To-morrow  they  will  go  to  the  market. 

35 


36  GO,   WENT,  AND   SHALL  GO 

To-day 
I  go  We  go 

You  go  You  go 

He  goes  They  go 

She  goes 

Yesterday 

I  went  We  went 

You  went  You  went 

He  went  They  went 

She  went 

To-morrow 

I  shall  go  We  shall  go 

You  will  go  You  will  go 

He  will  go  They  will  go 

She  will  go 

Facts :  The  men  who  had  been  sent  to  Philadelphia 
formed  a  new  government.  They  signed  a  new  docu- 
ment which  is  called  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

EXERCISES 

What  day  is  to-day  ?     What  do  you  do  to-day  ? 

What  day  was  yesterday  ?  What  did  you  do 
yesterday  ? 

What  day  will  to-morrow  be  ?  What  will  you  do 
to-morrow  ? 

What  was  the  day  before  yesterday  ? 


GO,   WENT,   AND   SHALL   GO  37 

What  did  you  do  on  that  day  ? 

What  will  the  day  after  to-morrow  be  ? 

What  will  you  do  on  that  day  ? 

Name  the  day  before  Monday;  the  day  before 
Tuesday  ;  the  day  before  Wednesday  ;  the  day  before 
Thursday ;  the  day  before  Friday ;  the  day  before 
Saturday;  the  day  before  Sunday. 

Tell  what  you  did  on  each  of  those  days. 

Name  the  day  after  Sunday;  the  day  after 
Monday ;  the  day  after  Tuesday ;  the  day  after 
Wednesday;  the  day  after  Thursday;  the  day 
after  Friday;  the  day  after  Saturday. 

Tell  what  you  will  do  on  each  of  those  days. 

WRITING 

Copy  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks  with  the 
correct  form  of  go  and  walk. 
Yesterday  I  -  —  to  the  store. 

To-day  I to  the  store. 

To-morrow  I to  the  store. 

Yesterday  I to  the  factory. 

To-day  I to  the  factory. 

To-morrow  I to  the  factory. 


LESSON  XVIII 

PAYING  THE   RENT 
Learn  :  I  would  like  a  receipt,  please. 

landlord  mistakes 

promptly  collected 

receipt  debt 

To-day  is  the  first  day  of  the  month.  I  paid  my 
rent. 

My  landlord  called  at  my  house  for  it.  He  likes 
to  have  the  rent  paid  promptly.  This  is  only  fair 
because  he  has  many  bills  to  pay. 

He  gave  me  this  receipt  for  the  money  I  paid  him : 


Cleveland,  Ohio 


Received  from 


In  payment  of  rent  from_  f>  _to 

oftenement  af 


PAYING   THE   RENT  39 

I  shall  keep  this  receipt.  It  shows  that  I  have 
paid  my  rent  for  the  month  of  April,  1921. 

Mistakes  are  sometimes  made.  My  landlord 
might  forget  that  he  had  collected  the  rent.  If  I 
showed  him  this  receipt  he  would  know  that  I  had 
paid  it. 

A  debt  cannot  be  collected  twice  if  you  hold  the 
receipt. 

Facts  :  The  new  Constitution  gave  us  a  President 
as  a  leader.  The  President  must  see  that  the  laws  are 
obeyed. 

EXERCISES 

When  do  you  pay  your  rent  ? 

Do  you  always  get  a  receipt  ? 

What  is  a  receipt  ? 

When  should  you  give  a  receipt  ? 

When  should  you  get  a  receipt  ? 

What  do  you  do  with  your  receipts  ? 

How  does  a  receipt  protect  you  ? 

From  whom  do  you  get  receipts  ? 

Make  out  a  receipt  for  money  you  received  from 
Mr.  William  Martino  to  whom  you  sold  a  bushel 
of  potatoes  at  $4.00  a  bushel. 


LESSON  XIX 


SINGULAR  AND   PLURAL 


One 

The  girl  jumps. 
The  boy  runs. 
The  man  works. 
The  woman  sews. 
The  child  plays. 
My  tooth  aches. 
The  leaf  blows. 
The  knife  cuts. 
This  loaf  of  bread  costs 

fifteen  cents. 
The  baby  cries. 
The  lady  sits. 


Two  or  More 
The  girls  jump. 
The  boys  run. 
The  men  work. 
The  women  sew. 
The  children  play. 
My  teeth  ache. 
The  leaves  blow. 
The  knives  cut. 
These    loaves    of    bread 

cost  fifteen  cents. 
The  babies  cry. 
The  ladies  sit. 


Notice  that  the  word  which  tells  what  the  girl 
does  (jumps)  drops  the  s  (jump)  when  we  speak  of 
two  or  more  girls. 

Read  these  sentences  using  the  correct  form  of  the 
word  which  describes  the  action  : 

build  builds 

The  carpenters  -       —  a  house. 

guard  guards 

The  policemen our  homes. 

40 


SINGULAR   AND    PLURAL  41 

fight  fights 

The  soldiers  -         -  bravely. 

flow  flows 

The  river  —       -  through  the  meadow. 

eat  eats 

Horses  — —    -  grass. 

grow  grows 

The  days  -         -  longer. 

brush  brushes 

He his  teeth  three  times  a  day. 

read  reads 

Angelo -  the  lesson. 

work  works 

We -  six  days  a  week. 

like  likes 

He music. 

knit  knits 

The  ladies  -         -  sweaters. 

need  needs 

The  machine  -   oil. 

play  plays 

They in  the  orchestra. 

open  opens 

She the  windows  each  morning. 


42  SINGULAR  AND   PLURAL 

cry  cries 

The  baby for  its  mother. 

help  helps 

Citizens -  to  make  the  laws. 

love  loves 

Americans  -         -  freedom. 

Give  the  plural  form  of  these  words  : 

brother  field 

chair  desk 

farm  leaf 

orange  rug 

lady  clerk 

army  address 

child  sheep 

receipt  customer 

woman  train 

officer  scale 

man  tooth 

immigrant  automobile 

Facts  :  The  Constitution  went  into  effect  in  1789, 
and  George  Washington  became  the  first  President  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  re  elected  in  1792. 


LESSON  XX 

HOLIDAYS 

nation  deed 

set  apart  general 

honor  special 

celebrate  decides 

Every  country  and  nation  has  its  own  holidays. 
No  one  works  on  these  days.  They  are  set  apart 
to  honor  some  great  man  or  to  celebrate  some  great 
deed. 

The  people  of  the  United  States  have  six  general 
holidays.  They  are  Christmas,  New  Year's  Day, 
Washington's  Birthday,  Independence  Day,  Labor 
Day,  and  Thanksgiving  Day. 

Some  cities  and  states  have  their  own  special  holi- 
days. The  city  or  state  government  decides  what 
they  shall  be.  The  most  important  holidays  in  all 
of  the  states  are  : 

New  Year  or  the  first  day  of  January. 

Lincoln's  Birthday,  on  the  twelfth  of  February. 

Washington's  Birthday,  on  the  twenty-second  of 
February. 

Memorial  Day,  on  the  thirtieth  of  May. 

Independence  Day,  on  the  fourth  of  July. 

43 


44  HOLIDAYS 

Labor  Day,  on  the  first  Monday  in  September. 

Columbus  Day,  on  the  twelfth  of  October. 

General  Election  Day,  on  the  Tuesday  after  the 
first  Monday  in  November  in  most  states. 

Thanksgiving  Day,  on  the  last  Thursday  in  No- 
vember. 

Christmas,  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  December. 

Facts  :  The  American  flag  was  adopted  on  June  14, 
1777.  The  first  flag  was  made  with  thirteen  stars  and 
thirteen  stripes.  There  was  a  star  and  a  stripe  in  the 
•flag  for  each  of  the  thirteen  states. 

EXERCISES 
Fill  in  the  blanks : 

What  is  a  holiday  ? 

A  holiday  is  a  day  on  which  people  do  not  -       — . 

Why  are  holidays  set  apart  ? 

Holidays  are  set  apart  to some  great  man 

or  to  -  -  some  great  deed. 

Name  the  six  general  holidays  in  the  United 
States. 

The  six  general  holidays  in  the  United  States 
are . 

What  do  some  cities  and  states  have  ? 

Some  cities  and  states  have  their  own holi- 
days. 


HOLIDAYS  45 

What  government  decides  what  the  city  and  state 
holidays  shall  be  ? 

The  -  -  or  — governments  decide  what 

their  holidays  shall  be. 

What  are  the  special  holidays  in  the  city  in  which 
you  live  ? 

The  special  holidays  in  this  city  are •. 

What  are  your  special  state  holidays  ? 

The  special  holidays  in  this  state  are . 

What  are  the  most  important  holidays  in  all  the 
states  ? 

The  most  important  holidays  in  all  the  states  are 

What  are  the  most  important  holidays  in  your 
country  ? 

The  most  important  holidays  in  my  country  are 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER. — The  teacher  should  see  in  the 
Teachers'  Manual  the  list  of  the  most  important  European 
holidays  and  celebrate  in  a  fitting  manner  the  holidays  of  the 
members  of  her  class. 


LESSON  XXI 

REVIEW 

(The  teacher  should  bring  to  class  several  international 
money  order  blanks.) 

Fill  out  an  international  money  order  blank  as  if 
you  were  sending  twenty-five  dollars  ($25.00)  to  a 
relative  or  friend  in  the  old  country. 

Tell  five  things  which  it  is  against  the  law  to  do 
without  a  license. 

Tell  in  your  own  words  the  story  of  "How  Mr. 
Pinsaro  Lost  His  Money." 

Why  should  we  put  our  money  in  the  Savings 
Bank  ? 

What  is  interest  ? 

What  is  the  difference  between  the  Savings  Bank 
and  the  Postal  Savings  Bank  : 

How  much  interest  does  each  pay  ? 

Have  you  a  savings  account  ? 

Explain  how  you  opened  it. 

How  does  a  savings  account  protect  your  family  ? 

Name  yesterday  and  to-morrow  each  day  for  a 
week. 

What  is  a  receipt  ? 

46 


REVIEW  47 

When  should  you  give  a  receipt  ? 

When  should  you  get  a  receipt  ? 

Why  should  you  keep  receipts  ? 

Make  out  a  receipt  for  a  basket  of  fruit  costing 
two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  ($2.50),  which  you  sold  to 
the  Independent  Italian  Club. 

What  holiday  comes  next  ? 

Name  six  general  holidays. 

Write  the  plural  of  these  words : 

foot  lady 

child  loaf 

man  woman 

tooth  foreman 

shoe  factory 

knife  family 

baby  potato 

country  gentleman 

Write  the  letter  you  would  send  with  your  inter- 
national money  order. 
Address  the  envelope. 
Where  do  you  write  your  own  name  ?     Why  ? 


LESSON  XXII 


COLUMBUS   DAY 


flat 

round 

India 

rich 

traveled 


merchants 

crew 

urged 

ashore 

island 


October  twelfth  is  Columbus  Day.  Christopher 
Columbus  was  an  Italian  sailor.  He  lived  many 
hundred  years  ago. 

At  that  time  people  thought  that  the  world  was 
flat.  Columbus  did  not  think  this.  He  thought 

that  the  world  was 
round  and  that  by 
sailing  to  the  west  he 
would  find  the  east. 

India  was  a  very  rich 
country.  Every  year 
people  traveled  east 
many  miles  overland 
to  trade  with  the  mer- 
chants there. 

Columbus     thought 
that    by    sailing   west 
across  the  water  he  could  find  a  shorter  way  to  India. 
He  was  poor,  and  for  a  long  time  no  one  would 
give  him  the  money  for  ships. 

48 


CHRISTOPHER  COLUMBUS 


COLUMBUS   DAY 


49 


THE  SHIP  OF  COLUMBUS 


At  last  the  queen  of  Spain  helped  him.  He 
bought  three  small  ships  and  with  his  crew  started 
out  over  the  unknown 
ocean. 

Many  months  they 
sailed  without  seeing 
land.  The  sailors 
wanted  to  turn  back 
but  Columbus  urged 
them  to  sail  on. 

At  last  land  was  seen, 
and  on  October  12, 
1492,  Columbus  and  his 
sailors  went  ashore.  They  thought  they  had  reached 
India.  But  the  land  was  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
America. 

Our  country  is  sometimes  called  Columbia  in  honor 
of  Christopher  Columbus. 

Facts  :  Later  it  was  decided  .that  a  star  should  be 
added  to  the  flag  for  each  new  state ,  but  that  the  stripes 
should  be  fixed  at  thirteen. 

EXERCISES 

Read  the  following  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks, 
then  copy : 

October  I2th  is . 

Columbus  was  an sailor. 


COLUMBUS   DAY 


He  lived  many  -          -  years  ago. 

He  wished  to  find  a  short  route  to  -        — . 

The  queen  of-         -  gave  him  money  to  buy  ships. 

He  sailed  off  over  the  -    ocean. 

The  sailors  wished  to  -        — . 
Columbus  urged  them  to  -        — . 
After  many  months  they  landed  on  an  island  off 
the  coast  of . 


They  thought  they  had  reached  -        — . 

They  called  the  people  they  found  on  the  island 


Columbus  claimed  the  land  in  the  name  of  -         — . 
Our  country  is  sometimes  called  -          -  in  honor 
of  Columbus. 


MAP  OF  THE  VOYAGES  OF  COLUMBUS 


LESSON  XXIII 


NUMBERS   AND   NUMERALS 


I 

one 

I 

2 

two 

II 

3 

three 

III 

4 

four 

IV 

5 

five 

V 

6 

six 

VI 

7 

seven 

VII 

8 

eight 

VIII 

9 

nine 

IX 

10 

ten 

X 

n 

eleven 

XI 

12 

twelve 

XII 

13 

thirteen 

XIII 

H 

fourteen 

XIV 

15 

fifteen 

XV 

16 

sixteen 

XVI 

17 

seventeen 

XVII 

18 

eighteen 

XVIII 

19 

nineteen 

XIX 

20 

twenty 

XX 

21 

twenty-one 

XXI 

22 

twenty-two 

XXII 

23 

twenty-three 

XXIII 

24 

twenty-four 

XXIV 

25 

twenty-five 

XXV 

1st  first 

2d  second 

3d  third 

4th  fourth 

5th  fifth 

6th  sixth 

7th.  seventh 

8th  eighth 

9th  ninth 

loth  tenth 

nth  eleventh 

1 2th  twelfth 

1 3th  thirteenth 

1 4th  fourteenth 

1 5th  fifteenth 

1 6th  sixteenth 

1 7th  seventeenth 

1 8th  eighteenth 

1 9th  nineteenth 

2Oth  twentieth 

2  ist  twenty-first 

22d  twenty-second 

23d  twenty-third 

24th  twenty-fourth 

25th  twenty-fifth 


52  NUMBERS   AND    NUMERALS 

26  twenty-six          XXVI 

27  twenty-seven     XXVII 

28  twenty-eight     XXVIII 

29  twenty-nine       XXIX 

30  thirty  XXX 


26th  twenty-sixth 

2yth  twenty-seventh 

28th  twenty-eighth 

29th  twenty-ninth 

3<Dth  thirtieth 


Facts :  The  stars  in  the  American  flag  tell  us  of 
the  growth  of  the  nation.  The  stripes  stand  for  the 
thirteen  original  states. 


Read  the  following : 


18 
29 

34 
65 

99 

123 
465 
500 
654 

788 

837 
905 

949 

1000 


II 

VI 

VIII 

X 

XII 

XIV 

XIX 

XX 

XXI 

XXIII 

XXV 

XXVII 

XXIX 

XXX 


EXERCISES 

ISt 

4th 

5th 

7th 

nth 

I4th 

1  5th 


2ISt 
22d 

25th 
28th 
29th 
30th 


first 

third 

fourth 

ninth 

tenth 

twelfth 

fourteenth 

seventeenth 

eighteenth 

twentieth 

twenty-third 

twenty-fifth 

twenty-eighth 

thirtieth 


LESSON  XXIV 

ADJECTIVES 

big  small 

long  short 

high  low 

fat  thin 

good  better  best 

fast  faster  fastest 

high  higher  highest 

short  shorter  shortest 

Peter  comes  into  the  room.  He  is  tall  and  thin. 
He  has  two  books  in  his  hand.  One  is  big.  The 
other  is  small.  He  has  two  pencils,  a  long  one  and 
a  short  one.  He  sits  down  at  a  high  desk.  He  puts 
the  big  book  and  the  long  pencil  on  the  high  desk. 

Here  comes  Peter's  brother.  He  is  short  and  fat. 
Peter  is  sitting  at  a  high  desk.  His  brother  sits 
at  a  low  one.  They  read  a  lesson  in  the  big  book. 

Peter's  reading  is  good.  His  brother's  reading  is 
better.  The  teacher's  reading  is  best  of  all. 

I  work  fast.  John  works  faster.  Max  works 
fastest. 

53 


54 


ADJECTIVES 


The  school  building  is  high.  The  courthouse  is 
higher.  City  Hall  is  the  highest. 

October  days  are  short.  November  days  are 
shorter.  December  days  are  shortest. 

Facts :  In  1861,  several  states  in  the  South  with- 
drew from  the  Union  because  they  wished  to  continue 
to  hold  slaves. 

EXERCISES 


Use  these  words  in  sentences 


sharp 

slow 

thick 

low 

broad 

late 

wide 

tall 

happy 

bright 

bad 

little 

many 

near 

beautiful 


sharper 

slower 

thicker 

lower 

broader 

later 

wider 

taller 

happier 

brighter 

worse 

less 

more 

nearer 

more  beautiful 


sharpest 

slowest 

thickest 

lowest 

broadest 

latest 

widest 

tallest 

happiest 

brightest 

worst 

least 

most 

nearest  or  next 

most  beautiful 


LESSON  XXV 

EXCHANGING   A   SUIT 

Salesman:  Good  morning.  What  can  I  do  for 
you  ? 

Customer:  I  would  like  to  exchange  this  suit.  It 
does  not  fit  well. 

Salesman :  When  did  you  buy  it  ? 

Customer:  I  bought  it  yesterday. 

Salesman :  Have  you  the  sales  slip  ? 

Customer:  Yes.     I  brought  it  with  me. 

Salesman:  I  am  glad  you  did.  An  exchange  is 
much  easier  if  you  have  the  sales  slip.  I  will  call 
the  head  salesman. 

This  gentleman  wishes  to  exchange  a  suit. 

Head  salesman:  Let  me  see  the  sales  slip,  please. 
What  is  the  matter  with  the  suit  ? 

Customer:  It  is  too  small.  The  coat  does  not 
feel  good  across  the  shoulders. 

Head  salesman:  All  right,  sir.  We  will  try  to  get 
you  a  suit  that  will  fit  comfortably. 

Find  another  suit  for  this  gentleman. 

Salesman:  You  need  one  size  larger.  Try  this 
one  on, 

ss 


56  EXCHANGING  A   SUIT 

Customer:  That  feels  better.  Is  this  suit  the  same 
price  ? 

Salesman:   Yes,  they  are  both  the  same  price. 

Customer:  I  will  take  this  one.  Thank  you  for 
helping  me. 

Salesman:  You  are  welcome,  sir.  We  always 
like  to  have  our  customers  satisfied. 

Facts  :  The  states  which  withdrew  from  the  Union 
formed  a  government  of  their  own.  They  called  their 
new  government  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 

EXERCISES 

Where  can  you  buy  a  suit  ? 

How  long  can  you  keep  a  suit  before  exchanging 
it? 

Can  you  exchange  anything  after  it  has  been 
worn  ? 

What  must  you  bring  with  you  ? 

Why  does  bringing  the  sales  slip  make  an  exchange 
easier  ? 

For  what  reasons  could  you  exchange  a  suit  ? 

Should  we  not  try  to  make  the  right  selection  when 
we  buy  ? 

Did  you  ever  exchange  anything  ?  What  did  you 
say  to  the  clerk  ?  Did  you  get  something  that  suited 
you  better  ? 


EXCHANGING  A   SUIT  57 

WRITING 
Copy  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks : 

I  wish  to this  suit. 

It  is  too . 

It  does  not  feel  good  across  the . 

I  need  one  size . 

That better. 

Is  this  suit  the  same as  the  other  one  ? 

I  will it. 

Thank  you  for me. 

We  are  always  glad  to  have  our  customers . 

TOPICS  FOR  CONVERSATION 

Exchanging  a  pair  of  shoes. 
Exchanging  a  pair  of  gloves. 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER.  —  Call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
some  dealers  will  not  exchange  any  article  of  wearing  apparel. 


LESSON  XXVI 

KEEPING  A   PERSONAL  ACCOUNT 
Learn  :  Thrift  builds  a  bridge  to  a  better  job. 

earnest  value  certain 

education  personal  plan 

needs  account  reasonable 

studied  balance  prospects 

Mr.  Pinsaro  earned  twenty-two  dollars  ($22.00)  a 
week.  He  wished  to  give  his  children  an  education. 
He  wanted  to  own  his  own  home.  He  also  wanted 
to  have  some  money  saved  in  case  of  sickness. 

He  counted  the  cost  of  the  needs  of  his  family 
each  week.  He  studied  how  to  spend  his  money 
so  that  he  would  get  the  most  value  from  it.  He 
made  out  a  personal  account  each  week. 

PERSONAL  ACCOUNT 

Receipts  Expenses 

Week's  wages   .     .     .     $22.00      Car  fares      .     .     .     .  £  i.oo 

Food 7.50 

Rent 5.00 

Clothing  for  family    .  5.00 

Insurance     ....  .50 

Charity         ....  .50 
Recreation  —  moving 

pictures     ....  .50 

Balance  on  hand    .     .     $  2.00  $20.00 

58 


KEEPING  A  PERSONAL  ACCOUNT  59 

He  tried  to  follow  this  plan  each  week. 
He  found  that  he  could  do  so  almost  always,  and 
that  it  helped  him  to  save  a  certain  amount  of  money. 

Facts  :  The  constitution  of  the  Confederate  States 
guaranteed  protection  to  slavery. 

EXERCISES 

About  how  much  do  you  earn  each  week  ? 

Are  you  married  ?     Have  you  a  family  ? 

Do  you  plan  how  you  are  going  to  spend  your 
money  ? 

Do  you  try  to  save  some  money  each  week  ? 

Did  you  ever  keep  a  personal  account  ? 

What  did  Mr.  Pinsaro  count  in  his  week's  ex- 
penses ? 


yourself  these  questions  : 
Are  the  needs  of  your  family  being  met  ? 
Are  you  paying  fair  prices  ? 
Are  you  saving  a  reasonable  amount  ? 
What  would  you  do  in  case  of  sickness  ? 
Can  you  do  something  more  to  get  ahead  ? 
What  are  your  prospects  for  the  future  ? 
How  does  thrift  build  a  bridge  to  a  better  job  ? 


LESSON  XXVII 

DEPOSITING  MONEY 


Learn  :  The  dollar  that  goes  to  work  is  the  success- 
ful dollar.    The  idle  dollar  is  a  failure. 


marked 
deposits 
slip 


total 

amount 

correct 


Mr.  Pinsaro  was  paid  to-day.  He  went  to  the 
Savings  Bank.  He  went  to  the  window  marked 
"Deposits/'  The  clerk  gave  him  a  deposit  slip. 
He  wrote  his  name  and  address  on  it.  He  wished 
to  deposit  two  dollars.  He  had  a  one  dollar  bill 

60 


DEPOSITING   MONEY 


61 


and  one  dollar  in  coins.     He  filled  out  the  deposit 
slip  like  this. 


Account  No.  46342 
CINCINNATI  SAVINGS  BANK 
CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

Deposited  by 

CUM-tit  zPLnbOM-, 

.** 

6*8  ffw 

SAVINGS    DEPARTMENT 

Dollars 

Cents 

Bills 

/ 

00 

Coin 

/ 

00 

Checks 

• 

Total 

I 

00 

He  gave  this  slip  to  the  clerk.  The  clerk  wrote 
the  total  ($2.00)  in  Mr.  Pinsaro's  bank  book.  He 
gave  the  bank  book  back  to  Mr.  Pinsaro. 


62  DEPOSITING   MONEY 

Mr.  Pinsaro  looked  at  the  book  to  see  that  the 
amount  was  correct. 

He  puts  two  dollars  in  the  bank  each  week. 

How  two  dollars  ($2.00)  saved  after  paying  the 
week's  expenses,  deposited  weekly,  will  grow  in  five 
years  at  4  per  cent  interest : 

Weekly 

Deposits        I  year         2  years       3  years        4  years       5  years 
$2.00        $106.00       $216.46       $331.30      $450.78       $575.09 

Facts  :  The  withdrawal  of  these  states  from  the  Union 
led  to  the  Civil  War.  The  Civil  War  began  April  75, 

1861. 

EXERCISES 

Mr.  Pinsaro's  book  showed  that  he  had  saved 
$216.46.  How  long  had  he  been  saving  ? 

If  he  saved  two  dollars  each  week  how  much  money 
would  he  have  at*  the  end  of  three  years  ?  Four 
years  ?  Five  years  ? 

What  rate  of  interest  did  the  bank  pay  Mr.  Pin- 
saro ? 

What  rate  of  interest  does  your  bank  pay  ? 

SUGGESTED  CONVERSATION  LESSON 
Withdrawing  money  from  the  bank. 


LESSON  XXVIII 

WAS  AND    WERE 
ONE  AND   MORE   THAN   ONE 

I  was  at  the  crossing. 

You  were  in  an  automobile. 

He  was  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  street. 

We  were  among  the  crowd. 

You  were  behind  an  electric  car. 

They  were  in  an  accident. 

The  boy  was  away.  The  boys  were  away. 

The  man  was  here.  The  men  were  here. 

The  girl  was  in  school.  The  girls  were  in  school. 

The  pencil  was  sharp.  The  pencils  were  sharp. 

My  hat  was  new.  Our  hats  were  new. 

The  house  was  old.  The  houses  were  old. 

The  day  was  short.  The  days  were  short. 

He  was  a  good  workman.  They  were  good  workmen, 

The  wall  was  high.  The  walls  were  high. 

Singular  Plural 

I  was  We  were 

You  were  You  were 

He  was  They  were 

She  was 
It  was 

63 


64  WAS   AND   WERE 

Singular  Plural 

Was  I  ?  Were  we  ? 

Were  you  ?  Were  you  ? 

Was  he  ?  Were  they  ? 

Was  she  ? 
Was  it  ? 

EXERCISES 

Use  the  above  in  complete  sentences. 

Fill  in  the  blanks  with  was  or  were: 
They  -     -  on  the  shore. 

You on  time. 

The  bank  -     -  on  this  street. 

The  machines old. 

The  ropes  and  ladders  -   —  ready. 

They not  late. 

The  varnish  -     -  in  a  pail. 

The  children in  school. 

The  postman  -     -  at  the  door. 
The  shoes  -     -  too  large. 

He always  ready. 

The  coats  -     -  on  sale. 

Facts :  Abraham  Lincoln  was  one  of  the  greatest 
Americans  that  ever  lived.  He  was  President  of  the 
United  States  during  the  Civil  War. 


LESSON  XXIX 

A   BUSINESS   LETTER 

468  Massachusetts  Ave.y 

Cambridge,  Mass., 

July  JO,  IQ2O. 

D.  C.  Heath  &  Co., 
50  Beacon  St., 
Boston,  Mass. 

Dear  Sirs, 

Enclosed  find  a  post   office   money   order  for  two 

dollars  and  ninety-two  cents  ($2.92). 

Please  send  me  one  copy  of  each  of  the  following 

books : 

Woolley's  Handbook  of  Composition  $1.08 

Plass'  Civics  for  Foreigners  .88 

Winslow's  The  Earth  and  Its  People  .96 

Very  truly  yours, 

James  Searles. 

Facts :     The  Civil  War  ended  in  1865.     The  Con- 
federacy was  at  an  end.     Slavery  was  over. 

65 


66  A   BUSINESS   LETTER 

EXERCISES 

Copy  the  letter.  Study  it  for  dictation.  Address 
the  envelope. 

Write  a  letter  to  Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co.,  Chicago, 
Illinois.  Order  these  goods  by  mail : 

2  yds.  navy  blue  serge  $  2.50 

-J  doz.  handkerchiefs  3.00 

i  pr.  stockings  1.75 

i  pr.  gray  woolen  gloves  2.25 

Address  the  envelope. 

Make  out  a  money  order  blank  for  two  dollars  and 
ninety-two  cents  ($2.92). 

Make  out  the  money  order  blank  for  your  letter  to 
Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co. 

Write  answers  to  the  above  letters. 


LESSON  XXX 

FRACTIONS 

One  whole  is  two  halves. 
One  whole  is  three  thirds. 
One  whole  is  four  fourths. 
^    one  half 
^    one  third 
f     two  thirds 
%    one  fourth 
-f    two  fourths. —  one  half 
f    three  fourths 
|    one  fifth 
f    two  fifths 
f    three  fifths 
•f-     four  fifths 
f     five  fifths  —  one  whole 
i^    one  and  one  half 
2^    two  and  one  half 
3^     three  and  one  third 
4f     four  and  three  fourths 

Facts  :  On  the  evening  of  April  14,  when  the  Civil 
War  was  just  over,  and  when  the  North  and  South 
needed  Abraham  Lincoln  most,  he  was  shot  by  an  actor 
named  Booth. 

67 


68  FRACTIONS 

EXERCISES 

A  whole  is  how  many  halves  ? 

A  whole  is  how  many  thirds  ? 

A  whole  is  how  many  fourths  ? 

A  whole  is  how  many  fifths  ? 

How  many  halves  are  there  in  one  and  one  half  ? 

How  many  halves  are  there  in  two  and  one  half? 

How  many  halves  are  there  in  three  and  one  half? 

How  many  thirds  are  there  in  one  and  one  third  ? 

How  many  thirds  are  there  in  two  and  two  thirds  ? 

How  many  thirds  are  there  in  three  and  one  third  ? 

How  many  fourths  are  there  in  one  half  ? 

How  many  fourths  are  there  in  one  and  one  half? 

How  many  fourths  are  there  in  four  and  three 
fourths  ? 

If  potatoes  are  5^  cents  a  pound  (Ib.)  what  will 
2  Ib.  cost  ? 

At  $15  a  ton  what  will  ij  tons  of  coal  cost  ? 

There  are  12  months  in  a  year.  How  many  months 
in  J  of  a  year  ?  In  §  of  a  year  ?  In  J  of  a  year  ? 
In  ^  of  a  year  ?  In  ^  of  a  year  ? 

If  you  earn  $4.50  a  day  and  lose  J  day,  how  much 
money  do  you  lose  ? 

If  a  piece  worker  makes  40  cents  an  hour,  how  much 
money  will  he  earn  in  8J  hours  ? 


LESSON  XXXI 

REVIEW 

What  is  the  first  day  of  the  week  ? 

What  is  the  second  day  ? 

What  is  the  fifth  day?    The  fourth  day?    The 
seventh  day  ? 

What  is  the  1st  month  of  the  year  ? 

What  is  the  loth  month  ?     The  yth  month  ?     The 
3d  month  ?     The  8th  month,  etc.  ? 

Write  this  date  -  -  January  twenty-seventh,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  twenty. 

Write  the  date  on  which  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence was  signed. 

Fill  in  the  blank  spaces  with  one  of  the  following 
words : 

wider  nearest 

sharpest  worst 

happier  higher 

He  is  -     -  at  work  than  idle. 
This  street  has  been  made . 


It  was  the  -  -  storm  of  the  year. 
This  knife  is  the  -  -  of  the  three. 
Kindly  direct  me  to  the  -  -  drug  store. 

Prices  are now  than  they  ever  were  before. 

69 


70  REVIEW 

WRITING 

Write  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blank  spaces 
with  was  or  were : 

The  men  -      -  brave  and  strong. 

William  -     -  the  youngest  of  the  three  sons. 

Lincoln  and  Washington  -      -  great  soldiers. 

The  man  -      -  at  work  at  seven  o'clock. 

These  shoes  -     -  six  dollars  ($6.00)  a  pair. 

Write  a  business  letter  to  John  Lucas  &  Co., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  ordering  z\  gallons  of  paint 
at  $6.00  a  gallon,  and  i  gallon  of  varnish  at  $4.50 
a  gallon. 

Make  out  an  application  for  a  money  order  for  the 
amount  of  money  that  they  will  cost. 

Write  on  the  board  these  numbers : 

one  half 
three  fourths 
four  and  one  half 
three  and  two  thirds 
two  and  five  sixths 
seven  and  three  tenths 
five  and  six  sevenths 
eight  and  three  fourths 
ten  and  four  fifths. 


LESSON  XXXII 

THANKSGIVING   DAY 


THE  "MAYFLOWER"  IN  PLYMOUTH  HARBOR 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER.  —  Bring  to  class  pictures  of  the 
Pilgrims,  the  Mayflower,  and  the  early  settlements.  Use  the 
calendar  in  connection  with  the  lesson.  Connect  with  the 
harvest  festivals  of  the  "Old  Country." 


Pilgrims 

bleak 

harvests 

worship 

Plymouth 

ripened 

Mayflower 

hardships 

invited 

rough 

courage 

unite 

In  1620,  about  three  hundred  years  ago,  a  little 
band    of    Pilgrims    came    to    America.     They    left 

71 


72  THANKSGIVING  DAY 

England  because  they  could  not  worship  God  in  their 
own  way. 

They  crossed  the  ocean  in  a  little  ship  called  the 
Mayflower.  The  rough  winds  drove  them  on  the 
bleak  shores  of  New  England  and  they  landed  at 
what  is  now  Plymouth,  Massachusetts. 

Their  first  winter  in  America  was  terribly  cold. 
They  suffered  many  hardships,  and  many  died  of 
cold  and  hunger.  But  those  who  were  left  did  not 
lose  courage. 

When  spring  came  they  planted  corn  and  vege- 
tables and  other  things.  In  the  fall  the  harvests 
ripened  and  they  had  plenty  to  eat. 

They  were  very  thankful  for  this  and  they  had  a 
feast  at  which  they  thanked  God  for  His  goodness 
to  them. 

They  invited  the  Indians  to  unite  with  them. 
This  was  their  first  Thanksgiving  Day. 

The  American  people  now  have  a  Thanksgiving 
Day  every  year.  It  is  set  apart  by  the  governor  of 
each  state. 

Thanksgiving  Day  is  the  last  Thursday  of 
November. 

Facts :  The  Civil  War  cost  the  lives  of  nearly  a 
million  men,  and  from  six  to  ten  billion  dollars.  But 
by  it  the  Union  was  saved  and  slavery  was  ended. 


THANKSGIVING   DAY 


73 


EXERCISES 

When  did  the  Pilgrims  come  to  America  ? 

From  what  country  did  they  come  ? 

Why  did  they  leave  England  ? 

What  was  the  name  of  the  ship  that  brought  them 
to  America  ? 

Describe  their  first  winter  in  this  country. 

What  did  they  do  in  spring  ? 

When  did  the  harvests  ripen  ? 

How  did  the  Pilgrims  celebrate  the  ripening  of  the 
harvests  ? 

Whom  did  they  thank  ? 

When  is  our  Thanksgiving  Day  ? 

By  whom  is  it  set  apart  each  year  ? 


LESSON  XXXIII 

AT  THE   MEAT   MARKET 

market  aisle 

busy  ticket 

waited  upon  stamped 

cases  cashier 

beef  bundle 

Mrs.  Brown  wished  to  buy  the  Sunday  dinner. 
She  went  to  the  market  at  the  corner  of  the  street. 
Saturday  night  is  a  busy  night.  Many  men  and 
women  were  standing  about  who  had  not  been  waited 
upon. 

The  market  was  large  and  very  clean.  Good 
looking  meat  could  be  seen  inside  the  glass  cases. 
The  meats  are  kept  fresh  and  cold.  They  are  put 
in  the  cases  so  that  flies  and  dust  may  not  touch  them. 

There  were  boxes  of  green  vegetables  on  each  side 
of  the  aisle. 

The  clerk  found  Mrs.  Brown  a  small  piece  of  beef. 
It  weighed  four  pounds.  He  gave  her>a  ticket  with 
the  price  of  the  beef  stamped  on  it.  The  price  was 
one  dollar  and  sixty-eight  cents  ($1.68). 

Mrs.  Brown  paid  the  cashier.  The  cashier 
stamped  the  ticket  "PAID." 

74 


AT  THE   MEAT   MARKET  75 

Mrs.  Brown  gave  this  ticket  to  the  clerk  and  the 
clerk  gave  her  the  meat. 

Facts  :  The  Union  of  the  United  States  was  founded 
upon  Liberty  and  Justice  to  all.  (Revolutionary  War) 
It  was  preserved  with  Liberty  and  justice  to  all.  (Civil 
War) 

EXERCISES 

Where  did  Mrs.  Brown  buy  the  Sunday  dinner  ? 

Where  do  you  trade  ? 

Why  do  we  say  that  Saturday  night  is  a  "busy" 
night  ? 

How  are  meats  kept  in  a  good  market  ? 

Where  are  they  kept  ? 

Why  are  they  kept  under  glass  ? 

Where  else  are  they  sometimes  kept  ? 

Where  are  the  meats  kept  in  the  market  at  which 
you  trade  ? 

What  kind  of  meat  did  Mrs.  Brown  buy  ? 

How  much  did  it  weigh  ? 

What  did  it  cost  ? 

Whom  did  Mrs.  Brown  pay  ? 

Find  the  price  of  5  pounds  of  beef  at  forty-four 
cents  (£.44)  a  pound  ;  of  six  pounds  at  forty-six  cents 
($.46)  a  pound;  of  8  pounds  at  forty-three  cents 
($.43)  a  pound. 


LESSON  XXXIV 

INSPECTED   MEAT 

inspectors  unloaded 

duty  freight 

examine  unpleasant 

animal  smell 

Our  government  protects  us  in  many  ways.  It 
pays  thousands  of  dollars  every  year  to  men  who  are 
called  meat  inspectors. 

It  is  the  duty  of  these  men  to  visit  meat  markets 
to  see  that  they  are  clean.  They  examine  the  meat 
to  make  sure  that  it  is  in, good  condition  for  food. 

Other  inspectors  visit  the  houses  where  the  animals 
are  killed.  No  animal  which  is  not  healthy  and  well 
can  be  killed  for  food. 

Other  men  inspect  the  meat  before  it  is  unloaded 
from  the  freight  cars. 

Meat  which  is  free  from  disease,  clean,  and  whole- 
some is  stamped  by  the  inspectors.  Whenever  you 
see  a  blue  stamp  you  may  be  sure  that  the  meat 
has  been  inspected. 

Do  not  buy  or  eat  meat  which  has  an  unpleasant 
smell  or  which  is  very  dark  in  color. 

76 


INSPECTED    MEAT 


77 


Facts :  Within  a  few  years  after  the  Civil  War 
ended  all  of  the  states  which  had  seceded  were  back 
in  the  Union.  Negroes  were  given  the  right  to  vote 
and  all  other  rights  which  white  men  have. 

EXERCISES 

How  does  the  govern- 
ment protect  us  ? 

Who  pays  the  salary  of 
meat  inspectors  ? 

Why  does  our  govern- 
ment hire  them  ? 

What  are  the  duties  of 
meat  inspectors  ? 

Why  do  inspectors  ex- 
amine meat  ? 

How  may  we  know  that 
meat  has  been  inspected  ? 

What  kind  of  meat  must 
we  be  careful  not  to  buy? 
Why? 

Do  you  know  of  any  other  inspectors  ? 

What  are  their  duties  ? 


LESSON  XXXV 

PURE  FOOD   LAWS 

pure  correctly 

impure  requires 

cheap  prepared 

expensive  netting 

labeled  proper 

It  has  been  found  many  times  that  cheap  foods 
have  been  mixed  with  expensive  foods. 

It  has  been  true  that  cheap  and  impure  oils  have 
been  mixed  with  pure  oils.  Cottonseed  oil  has  been 
sold  as  pure  olive  oil.  Oleomargarine  has  been  sold 
as  fresh  creamery  butter. 

If  we  buy  and  pay  for  pure  olive  oil  we  should  have 
it.  When  we  get  cottonseed  oil  we  should  not  pay 
for  olive  oil. 

If  we  buy  pure  butter  the  dealer  should  give  it  to 
us,  and  if  we  get  oleomargarine  we  should  pay  for 
that  and  not  for  butter. 

For  this  reason  our  government  has  made  what  are 
known  as  Pure  Food  Laws.  Under  these  laws  all 
foods  must  be  labeled  correctly.  If  anything  has 
been  mixed  with  a  food  the  fact  must  be  printed  on 
the  label. 

78 


PURE  FOOD   LAWS  79 

The  government  has  made  other  laws  for  our 
protection. 

The  law  requires  storekeepers  to  cover  prepared 
foods  with  a  netting  to  protect  them  from  the  dust 
and  flies. 

See  that  all  prepared  food  you  buy  is  marked 
"Prepared  in  Accordance  with  the  Pure  Food  and 
Drug  Act,"  or  "Guaranteed  under  Provisions  of  the 
Pure  Food  Laws." 

Do  not  buy  any  food  that  is  not  cared  for  by  the 
dealer  in  the  proper  way. 

Facts  :  In  the  United  States  we  have  three  branches 
of  government.  They  are  the  national  government,  the 
state  government,  and  the  city  government. 

EXERCISES 

Why  was  it  necessary  to  make  Pure  Food  Laws  ? 

What  do  Pure  Food  Laws  provide  ? 

How  should  all  the  prepared  food  we  buy  be 
marked  ? 

What  does  "  Prepared  in  Accordance  with  the  Pure 
Food  and  Drug  Act"  mean  ? 

What  other  laws  does  our  government  make  for 
our  protection  ? 

Why  should  every  one  see  that  these  laws  are 
carried  out  ? 


LESSON  XXXVI 

THIS,   THAT,    THESE,    THOSE 

This  book  in  my  hand  is  his. 
That  book  on  the  table  is  yours. 

These  books  on  this  desk  are  mine. 
Those  books  on  that  shelf  are  hers. 

This  is  used  when  speaking  of  one  thing  that  is 
near. 

These  is  used  when  speaking  of  many  things  that 
are  near. 

Thus,  "  This  book'9  and  "  These  books"  are  near  at 
hand  as  on  the  desk. 

That  is  used  when  speaking  of  one  thing  that  is 
not  near. 

Those  is  used  when  speaking  of  many  things  that 
are  not  near. 

Thus,  "  That  book"  and  "Those  books"  are  on  a 
table  or  shelf  at  the  back  of  the  room,  away  from 
the  person  who  is  speaking. 

Name  something  that  is  near. 

Name  something  that  is  farther  away. 

so 


THIS,   THAT,   THESE,   THOSE  81 

Name  some  things  that  are  near. 

Name  some  things  that  are  farther  away. 

Facts  :  The  national  or  federal  government  is  higher 
than  either  the  state  or  city  government.  The  laws  of 
the  national  government  rule  the  whole  nation. 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blank  spaces  with  this,  that,  these,  or 

those : 

Will  you  put books  away  ? 

Mr.  Guastela  brought  -      -  flag  to  school. 
train  is  not  crowded. 


newspaper  is  mine, is  yours. 

room  is  rented. 

boots  are  just  what  I  want. 

Bring pencils  here,  please. 

Put  it  on shelf. 

pay  check  is  incorrect. 

Is your  car  ? 

-  apples  are  not  ripe. 

It  will  cost  you  five  cents  to  send letter. 

-  firemen  worked  all  night  to  put  out  the  blaze. 
The  baggage  is  carried  on  -     -  train. 

May  I  have hammer,  please  ? 

Make  up  sentences  using  this,  that,  these,  or  those. 


LESSON  XXXVII 

AN   AUTOMOBILE   ACCIDENT 

Learn  :   Haste  makes  waste. 

risen  surgeon 

machine  bound 

wounded  services 

ambulance  police  station 

hospital  fault 

Mario  was  hurrying  to  work  one  day.  He  had 
risen  late,  and  had  taken  only  a  cup  of  coffee.  He 
was  running  to  the  factory  to  get  there  on  time. 

A  large  automobile  was  coming  around  the  corner. 
Mario  tried  to  cross  in  front  of  it.  But  he  was  too 
late.  The  driver  blew  his  horn.  He  tried  to  stop 
the  machine,  but  it  hit  Mario  and  passed  over  his 
body. 

He  was  very  badly  wounded.  A  crowd  gathered 
at  once.  A  policeman  told  them  to  keep  away. 
Mario  needed  all  the  air  that  he  could  get  just  then. 

Some  one  telephoned  for  the  ambulance.  Very 
soon  it  came  clanging  down  the  street.  Mario  was 
gently  laid  on  a  stretcher  and  lifted  into  the  ambu- 
lance. He  was  carried  quickly  to  the  hospital 
where  a  surgeon  dressed  and  bound  his  wounds. 

82 


AN  AUTOMOBILE  ACCIDENT  83 

How  gently  and  quickly  the  surgeon  worked  ! 

In  every  hospital  we  find  some  of  our  best  doctors 
and  surgeons.  They  give  their  services  free  of  charge 
to  care  for  the  sick  and  wounded  who  are  not  able 
to  pay. 

The  automobile  driver  gave  the  policeman  his 
name  and  he  was  taken  to  the  police  station.  But 
it  was  not  his  fault. 

Mario,  in  trying  to  save  one  half  a  minute,  had 
crossed  in  front  of  the  automobile.  Now  it  will  be 
many  days,  thousands  of  minutes,  before  Mario 
is  well  enough  to  work  again. 

Facts  :  All  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States 
in  the  national  Constitution  are  reserved  to  the  states 
or  to  the  people. 

EXERCISES 

Why  was  Mario  hurrying  to  work  ? 

Why  did  he  cross  in  front  of  the  automobile  ? 

What  happened  to  him  ? 

Where  was  he  taken  ? 

Who  took  care  of  his  wounds  in  the  hospital  ? 

How  many  minutes  would  Mario  have  saved  if  he 
crossed  the  street  safely  ? 

How  many  days  or  weeks  do  you  think  he  will  lose 
before  he  is  well  again  ? 

How  does  "Haste  make  waste"  ? 


LESSON  XXXVIII 


COMMONLY  USED   PRONOUNS 


I 

my 

mine 

me 

we 

our 

ours 

us 

you 
he 

your 
his 

yours 
his 

you 
him 

she 

her 

hers 

her 

it 

its 

its 

it 

they 

their 

theirs 

them 

I  will  help  you. 
He  carried  her  bag. 
They  gave  it  to  me. 
She  took  your  umbrella. 
We  drove  them  home. 
My  book  is  like  yours. 
His  car  is  like  theirs. 
Our  house  is  on  this  street. 
What  will  they  pay  me  ? 
It  is  a  large  bank. 

Give  sentences  using  any  of  the  above  pronouns. 

84 


COMMONLY  USED   PRONOUNS  85 

Facts  :  The  constitution  of  each  state  and  the  charter 
of  each  city  must  be  in  accordance  with  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States.  The  laws  of  every  village, 
town,  city,  county,  and  state  must  agree  with  the  laws 
of  the  nation. 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blanks,  using  the  correct  pronoun : 

John  took  -     -  raincoat  with  -    — . 

Mary  forgot  to  take  -    — . 

You  took  -    — ,  didn't ? 

They  tried  to  do best. 

We  made  out production  charts. 

We  took  down  the  flag.  -  was  blowing  in  the 

wind. 

I  raised  -     -  right  hand  to  salute  the  flag. 

He  took  out "  first  papers." 

You  hold book  too  near eyes. 

We  began work  on  time. 

Will  you  write name  here  ? 

The  foreman  gave  him work. 

I  taught  Mary  to  write name. 

He  put  all  the  money  -  -  could  spare  in  the 
bank. 

Mr..  Brown  does own  bookkeeping. 

She  paid rent  promptly. 


LESSON  XXXIX 

ABRAHAM   LINCOLN 

noblest  dreary 

cabin  wisdom 

educated  reuniting 

slavery  half-crazed 

freed  actor 

On  February  12,  1809,  one  of  the  best  loved  and 
noblest  men  that  ever  lived,  was  born.  Abraham 
Lincoln  was  his  name. 

He  was  born  in  a  log  cabin  in  Kentucky.  His 
parents  were  very  poor  and  he  had  little  chance 
to  go  to  school.  But  he  educated  himself  by  hard 
study  at  home.  He  sometimes  studied  by  candle- 
light, and  sometimes  by  the  light  of  a  burning  log. 

When  he  became  a  man  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  United  States.  It  was  during  his  term  as 
President  that  the  Civil  War  was  fought.  The 
question  of  slavery  had  come  up,  and  the  South 
wanted  to  leave  the  Union.  The  North  said  that 
the  Union  must  be  kept  and  that  the  slaves  must 
be  freed. 

Four  long  dreary  years  of  war  followed  and  Lin- 
coln's wisdom  and  courage  helped  to  save  the  nation. 

86 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN  87 

The  war  ended  at  the  beginning  of  Lincoln's  second 
term.  The  North  had  won  and  the  slaves  were 
freed.  Peace  had  come  again. 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 

Lincoln  had  just  begun  the  work  of  reuniting  the 
North  and  South  when  his  life  was  taken  by  a  half- 
crazed  actor.  He  was  shot  on  the  night  of  April  14, 
1865. 

The  whole  nation  was  saddened  by  the  death  of 
this  great  and  good  man. 


88  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN 

Facts :  The  national  government,  the  state  govern- 
ment, and  the  city  government  are  divided  into  three 
departments:  the  Legislative,  the  Executive,  and  the 
Judicial  departments. 

EXERCISES 

When  was  Abraham  Lincoln  born  ? 

Where  was  he  born  ? 

Were  his  parents  rich  or  poor  ? 

Did  Abraham  Lincoln  have  a  chance  to  go  to 
school  ? 

How  did  he  educate  himself  ? 

Do  you  suppose  there  were  evening  schools  at 
that  time  ? 

What  office  did  Abraham  Lincoln  hold  when  he 
became  a  man  ? 

What  war  was  fought  while  he  was  President  ? 

Why  was  it  fought  ? 

What  was  the  result  of  the  Civil  War  ? 

How  many  years  did  it  last  ? 

How  did  Abraham  Lincoln  die  ? 

When  did  he  die  ? 

Tell  in  your  own  words  the  story  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln's life. 

Write  it. 


LESSON  XL 

THE   SCHOOL  DEPARTMENT 

(NoTE  TO  THE  TEACHER. —  Compare  educational  oppor- 
tunities of  America  with  those  of  Russia,  Poland,  Italy,  etc.) 

citizen  understand 

grown  up  intelligent 

government  free  to  all 

Every  one  who  lives  in  the  United  States  and  gets 
his  living  here  should  be  a  citizen.  To  be  a  good 
citizen  you  must  know  how  to  speak,  read,  and  write 
English. 

There  are  many  schools  in  every  city.  The  city 
often  gives  more  money  to  the  School  Department 
to  spend  than  to  any  other  department.  Large  sums 
of  money  are  spent  on  school  buildings. 

Teachers  are  employed  to  teach  children  and 
grown  up  people.  Books,  papers,  and  pencils  are 
bought.  The  city  spends  all  this  money  so  that 
every  one  may  have  an  education. 

No  one  can  be  a  good  citizen  who  does  not  obey 
the  laws.  To  obey  the  laws  you  must  know  what 
they  are  about. 

To  be  a  good  citizen  you  must  take  part  in  the 
government.  You  cannot  take  part  in  the  govern- 
ment until  you  understand  it. 


90  THE  SCHOOL  DEPARTMENT 

Our  government  wants  all  of  its  people  to  be  in- 
telligent. That  is  why  there  are  day  schools  for 
children  and  evening  schools  and  factory  classes  for 
men  and  women. 

You  do  not  have  to  pay  money  to  go  to  these 
schools.  They  are  free  to  all.  Come  to  school  and 
learn  how  to  be  a  good  citizen. 

Facts  :  In  the  national,  state,  and  city  governments 
the  Legislative  Department  makes  the  laws,  the  Execu- 
tive Department  enforces  the  laws,  and  the  Judicial 
Department  interprets  the  laws. 

EXERCISES 

Did  you  go  to  school  in  your  own  country  ? 

How  long  have  you  been  going  to  school  in  this 
country  ? 

How  many  evenings  a  week  do  you  go  to  school  ? 

Do  you  study  outside  ? 

Why  does  the  city  spend  so  much  money  on 
schools  ? 

TOPICS  FOR  CONVERSATION 

Life  of  Carl  Schurz,  Jacob  A.  Riis,  Edward  A. 
Steiner,  Mary  Antin,  and  other  well-known  immi- 
grant men  and  women. 


LESSON  XLI 

THE   NEWSPAPER 

(The  teacher  should  always  have  the  daily  newspaper  in  the 
classroom.  Have  pupils  read  headings,  simple  news  articles, 
want  "  ads.,"  and  advertisements.) 

advertisements  educated 

cheaper  information 

sales  subject 

column  stored 

How  many  pupils  can  read  the  American  news- 
paper ? 

In  the  newspaper  you  may  read  what  is  being  done 
and  what  is  happening  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

At  first,  reading  may  be  hard  for  you,  but  the 
more  you  read  the  easier  it  will  become. 

It  is  a  great  help  to  be  able  to  read  the  advertise- 
ments. You  can  often  buy  things  cheaper  at  the 
sales  you  see  advertised  in  the  newspaper. 

If  you  haven't  a  position,  you  may  look  for  one  on 
the  "Help  Wanted"  page.  There  is  also  a  column 
in  which  you  can  advertise  for  just  the  kind  of 
position  you  want. 

Reading  the  newspaper  helps  you  to  speak  better 
English. 

91 


92  THE  NEWSPAPER 

Abraham  Lincoln  educated  himself  by  reading. 
Every  day  that  you  read  the  newspaper  you  are 
helping  to  educate  yourself. 

When  you  learn  to  read  the  newspaper  you  can 
read  books.  You  will  find  any  information  you  want 
on  any  subject  stored  away  in  newspapers  and  books. 

Facts  :  The  Legislative  or  lawmaking  department 
of  the  national  government  is  called  Congress.  The 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  defines  the  powers 
of  Congress. 

EXERCISES 

Do  you  read  a  daily  newspaper  ? 

What  is  the  name  of  the  paper  you  read  ? 

What  can  we  learn  from  the  newspaper  ? 

Does  reading  the  newspaper  help  you  to  speak 
English?  Why? 

In  what  part  of  the  newspaper  would  you  look  if 
you  wanted  a  job  ? 

What  would  you  look  for  in  the  newspaper  if  you 
were  furnishing  a  house  ? 

Do  American  newspapers  have  European  news  ? 

How  can  you  learn  to  read  the  newspaper  ? 

Tell  the  class  about  something  that  you  read  in 
the  newspaper  to-day. 

Write  it. 


LESSON  XLII 

THE   PUBLIC   LIBRARY 

(The  teacher  should  instruct  and  encourage  pupils  in  the  use 
of  the  dictionary,  so  that  they  may  find  the  meanings  of  words 
they  do  not  know  in  the  newspaper  or  books.) 

immigrant  soil 

advantages  magazines 

borrow  knowledge 

librarian  obtained 

When  Andrew  Carnegie  came  to  America  from 
Scotland,  he  was  a  poor  immigrant  boy.  He  worked 
hard  and  studied  hard,  because  he  saw  the  advan- 
tages of  learning.  He  became  a  very  rich  man.  He 
tried  to  place  within  the  reach  of  even  the  poorest 
men,  books  by  which  they  could  learn  to  educate 
themselves. 

He  gave  large  sums  of  money  for  building  public 
libraries. 

You  can  read  in  a  public  library,  or  you  can  bor- 
row books  to  read  at  home.  There  are  books  in 
English  and  in  almost  every  other  language.  There 
are  books  on  almost  every  subject  of  which  you  can 
think. 

You  can  learn  about  this  country  and  every 
country  in  the  world  if  you  can  only  read. 

93 


94 


THE   PUBLIC   LIBRARY 


To  take  books  from  the  library  you  must  have  a 
library  card.  The  librarian  will  fill  one  out  for  you. 
All  that  you  need  to  do  is  give  your  name  and  ad- 
dress and  the  names  of  two  people  in  the  city  who 
know  you. 

Then  you  may  borrow  books  on  this  card.  Most 
books  can  be  kept  out  two  weeks.  At  the  end  of 
two  weeks  they  must  be  returned.  You  should  be 
very  careful  not  to  soil  or  tear  the  books. 

In  each  library  there  is  a  reading  room.  Here 
there  are  magazines  and  all  the  daily  newspapers 
for  your  use. 

Is  it  not  very  wrong  to  be  without  knowledge  when 
it  may  be  obtained  free  of  charge  and  so  easily  ? 


THE   PUBLIC   LIBRARY  95 

There  are  thousands  of  people  who  have  had  very 
little  chance  to  go  to  school,  but  who  have  educated 
themselves  by  reading  and  studying  books  from  the 
public  library. 

Get  a  library  card  to-day  and  help  to  educate  your- 
self by  reading. 

Facts  :  Congress  meets  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  in 
the  Capitol  building.  Congress  is  composed  of  the 
Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives. 

EXERCISES 

Who  was  Andrew  Carnegie  ? 

From  what  country  did  he  come  ? 

How  did  he  educate  himself  ? 

What  did  he  give  to  many  cities  and  towns  ? 

Why  did  he  do  this  ? 

Have  you  ever  taken  books  from  the  public 
library  ? 

Why  should  we  be  careful  of  the  books  we  borrow 
from  the  public  library  ? 

What  must  you  have  before  you  can  borrow  books  ? 

Can  you  get  books  or  newspapers  in  other  languages 
than  English  ? 

What  is  a  very  easy  way  to  educate  yourself  ? 

Name  someone  who  educated  himself  by  reading. 

Where  is  the  public  library  in  your  city  ? 


LESSON  XLIII 

HAS  AND   HAVE 

I  have  an  umbrella. 

I  have  a  headache. 

I  have  begun  my  work. 

You  have  a  good  position. 
You  have  my  magazine. 
You  have  finished  on  time. 

He  has  a  good  record. 

He  has  a  newspaper. 

He  has  made  out  his  chart. 

She  has  a  new  suit. 

She  has  a  good  book. 

She  has  borrowed  my  pencil. 

We  have  new  machines. 
We  have  five  extra  men. 
We  have  read  the  tenth  lesson. 

They  have  a  good  teacher. 
They  have  a  big  boat. 
They  have  painted  it  green. 

96 


HAS  AND   HAVE  97 

The  automobile  has  a  good  engine. 
The  automobiles  have  good  engines. 
The  tree  has  many  branches. 
The  trees  have  many  branches. 

Has  is  used  when  speaking  of  one  person  or  thing. 
Have  is  used  when  speaking  of  more  than  one  per- 
son or  thing,  and  with  "I"  and  "You." 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blanks  in  the  following  sentences,  using 

has  or  have  : 

I a  new  suit. 

We two  tons  of  coal. 

Bread  -     -  good  food  value. 

The  milk been  covered. 

They two  children. 

You  a  pleasant  flat. 

She  -     -  hurt  her  hand. 

We  -     -  fruit  in  the  morning. 

The  house  -     -  several  windows. 

The  streets been  covered  with  oil. 

Facts :  The  United  States  Senate  is  composed  of 
two  Senators  from  each  state.  Senators  are  chosen 
for  six  years.  The  presiding  officer  in  the  Senate  is 
the  V ice-President  of  the  United  States. 


LESSON  XLIV 

REVIEW 

A  yard  of  cloth  costs  $1.00.  How  much  will  2j 
yards  cost  ? 

It  will  cost  -    — . 

What  are  the  duties  of  a  meat  inspector  ? 

The  duties  of  a  meat  inspector  are  -    — . 

Why  were  the  "Pure  Food  Laws"  made  ? 

The  "Pure  Food  Laws"  were  made  to  -      -  us. 

How  do  they  protect  us  ? 

The  "Pure  Food  Laws"  protect  us  by . 

Read  a  newspaper  article  and  tell  your  teacher 
what  you  read  about. 

Find  the  "Help  Wanted"  column. 

If  you  were  looking  for  a  job,  which  one  of  those 
positions  would  you  want  ?  WThy  ? 

Tell  in  your  own  words  how  Mario  was  hurt  in  the 
automobile  accident. 

Who  was  Abraham  Lincoln  ? 

Tell  what  you  know  of  him. 

What  is  the  School  Department  ? 

How  can  you  get  a  book  from  the  public  library  ? 

98 


REVIEW  99 

WRITING 
Write  these  sentences  filling  in  the  blank  spaces  : 

-  plane  is  sharper  than  -     -  one. 
—  machines  are  cleaned  and  oiled. 

But  -  in  the  other  room  need  cleaning  and 
oiling. 

-  telephone  is  out  of  order. 
May  I  use  -    —  ,  please  ? 

Mr.  Jackson  will  employ  --  . 

-  is  on  the  second  floor. 
Please  put  -     -  coat  in  -     -  closet. 

Add: 

644*  2?6i  497f 


373t         397*         574TO- 
462!         256j         666f 


463*         S94i         469* 
577f         S64f 
439i         943f 

Subtract  : 

464*         54if 
-295!        -277! 

45  if         758* 
-247J-        -464$ 


LESSON  XLV 

THE  FIREMAN 

pouring  inspects 

provided  properly 

inventions  report 

terrific  operator 

whirl  emergency 

A  man  saw  smoke  pouring  from  the  windows 
of  a  house.  He  knew  it  was  a  fire.  He  ran  to  the 
nearest  fire  alarm  box.  He  turned  the  handle, 
opened  the  door,  and  pulled  down  the  hook. 

The  engines  have  started.  Off  they  go !  They 
are  provided  with  powerful  pumps  and  all  the  latest 
inventions.  The  firemen  cling  to  the  trucks  as  they 
put  on  their  rubber  coats.  No  time  is  lost. 

The  horns  and  whistles  make  a  terrific  noise  as 
the  engines  whirl  by.  Electric  cars  stop.  Automo- 
biles pull  out  of  the  way.  Men  and  women  run  to 
the  sidewalks. 

The  fire  chief  passes  first  in  his  red  automobile. 
He  directs  the  men  fighting  the  fire. 

The  firemen  are  brave.  They  rush  into  the  smoke 
and  flames  to  save  people  from  the  burning  buildings. 
The  firemen  belong  to  the  fire  department. 

100 


THE   FIREMAN 


roi 


The  fire  department  inspects  all  public  buildings 
to  see  that  they  are  properly  built  and  that  there  is 
as  little  danger  of  fire  as  possible. 

Every  one  should  be  careful  about  fire.  A  home 
for  which  it  has  taken  years  to  pay  can  be  burned  to 
the  ground  in  an  hour. 

If  you  wish  to  report  a  fire  by  telephone  say  to 
the  operator,  "  Fire  Department,  Emergency." 

When  you  get  the  fire  department  on  the  telephone 
tell  them  where  the  fire  is. 

Facts :  The  number  of  Representatives  sent  to  Con- 
gress from  each  state  is  based  on  the  population  of  the 
state.  Representatives  are  elected  for  two  years.  The 
Speaker,  chosen  from  their  number,  presides  over  the 
House. 


THE  FIREMAN 

HOW  TO  AVOID  FIRE 

Use  safety  matches. 

Keep  matches  in  a  tin  box. 

Do  not  let  children  play  with  matches. 

Do  not  throw  a  burning  match  away. 

Do  not  throw  a  lighted  cigarette  or  cigar  away. 

Do  not  light  a  match  in  an  oven  or  a  room  where 
you  smell  gas. 

Do  not  let  the  curtain  blow  against  the  gas  jets. 

Do  not  use  kerosene  to  kindle  a  fire. 

Never  hang  dish  towels  or  clothes  over  a  stove. 

Do  not  use  lamps  or  candles  to  thaw  out  frozen 
water  pipes. 

Keep  the  clothing  away  from  the  flame  on  a  gas 
stove. 

Keep  the  fire  escape,  halls,  and  cellar  free  from 
rubbish. 

Do  not  allow  a  stove  or  furnace  to  become  over- 
heated. 

Do  not  use  gasoline  in  the  house. 

Do  not  smoke  or  light  a  match  where  gasoline  is 
being  used. 


LESSON  XLVI 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON 

Learn :  First  in  Peace,  First  in  War,  and  First  in 
the  Hearts  of  his  Countrymen. 

commander-in-chief  government 

Independence  birthday 

Cambridge  celebrated 

spirit  holiday 

There  have  been  men  in  every  country  whose 
names  the  people  love  and  honor.  In  America 
every  one  loves  the  name  of  Washington. 

George  Washington  was  born  February  22,  1732,  in 
Virginia. 

He  was  the  first  commander-in-chief  of  the  Ameri- 
can army,  during  the  War  for  Independence. 

The  war  was  fought  with  England.  Washington 
took  command  of  our  army  in  Cambridge,  Massachu- 
setts. The  tree  under  which  he  stood  is  to  be  seen 
in  that  city  to-day.  It  is  called  the  Washington 
Elm. 

This  war  was  called  the  Revolution.  It  lasted  six 
years.  During  that  time  Washington  became  dear 

103 


104  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 

to  every  soldier  in  the  army  because  of  his  brave 
spirit  and  kind  actions. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON 

When  the  government  of  the  United  States  was 
formed,  George  Washington  was  made  the  first  Presi- 
dent. He  served  as  President  for  two  terms,  or  eight 
years.  He  is  often  spoken  of  as  the  "Father  of  His 
Country." 

His  birthday,  the  twenty-second  of  February,  is 
celebrated  as  a  holiday  throughout  the  United  States. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  105 

Facts :  The  Executive  Department  consists  of  the 
President.  The  President  is  elected  every  four  years. 
He  is  the  highest  officer  in  the  United  States. 

EXERCISES 

When  was  George  Washington  born  ? 

Where  was  he  born  ? 

What  position  did  he  hold  in  the  American  army  ? 

Where  did  Washington  take  command  of  the  army  ? 

Under  what  tree  did  he  stand  ? 

How  long  did  the  War  for  Independence  (Revolu- 
tionary War)  last  ? 

What  office  was  Washington  given  when  our 
government  was  formed  ? 

How  long  did  he  serve  ? 

What  is  George  Washington  sometimes  called  ? 

How  do  we  celebrate  his  birthday  ? 

Why  do  Americans  love  the  name  of  Washington  ? 

Write  the  story  of  Washington. 


LESSON  XL VII 

HOW   WE   SHALL   CHOOSE   OUR  FOOD 

groups  renew 

purpose  fuel 

nourishing  valuable 

material  especially 

Every  food  that  you  eat  may  be  placed  in  one  of 
five  groups.  Each  group  serves  a  special  purpose 
in  nourishing  your  body.  Each  person  needs  some 
food  from  each  group  daily.  Do  not  skip  any  group. 

I.  Fruits  and  vegetables. 

II.  Milk,   cheese,   eggs,   meat,   fish,  beans,  peas, 
peanuts. 

III.  Cereals,  corn  meal,  oatmeal,  rice,  rye,  wheat, 
flour,  bread. 

IV.  Sugar,  sirups,  jelly,  honey,  candies. 

V.  Fats,  butter,  olive  oil,  bacon,  chocolate. 

Vegetables  and  fruits  furnish  some  of  the  material 
from  which  the  body  is  made.  They  keep  its  parts 
working  smoothly. 

Milk,  cheese,  eggs,  fish,  meat,  peas,  and  beans  help 
to  build  up  the  growing  body  and  renew  used  up 
parts. 

106 


HOW  WE   SHALL   CHOOSE   OUR   FOOD        107 

Cereals,  bread,  and  breakfast  foods  act  as  fuel 
to  help  you  do  your  work. 

Sugar  and  sirup  are  fuel,  too.  They  are  a  valuable 
food  but  many  people  eat  more  of  them  than  they 
need. 

Fats  are  fuel  and  some  fats  are  needed,  especially 
by  hard  working  people.  Children  need  some 
butter  fat. 

Some  foods  are  cheaper  than  others.  These  are 
often  just  as  good  as  expensive  foods. 

Remember  to  eat  some  of  each  of  these  five  kinds 
of  foods  every  day. 

Facts  :  The  chief  duty  of  the  President  is  to  see  that 
the  laws  are  executed  (carried  out).  During  his  term 
of  office  the  President  lives  in  the  White  House  in  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

EXERCISES 

Do  you  live  the  same  kind  of  life  that  you  did  in 
your  own  country  ? 

Are  you  doing  the  same  kind  of  work  ? 

Are  you  indoors  or  out  of  doors  most  of  the  time 
now  ? 

Is  your  work  harder  than  it  was  ? 

If  so,  can  you  get  along  on  the  same  kind  of  food 
you  used  to  eat,  or  do  you  need  different  foods  ? 

What  is  meant  by  fuel  ? 


io8       HOW  WE   SHALL   CHOOSE   OUR   FOOD 

Does  not  an  engine  that  works  hard  need  fuel  to 
keep  it  going  ? 

Does  not  an  engine  need  to  run  smoothly  ? 

Does  it  not  sometimes  need  to  have  its  parts  re- 
newed ? 

Can  our  bodies  grow,  run  smoothly,  and  renew 
used  up  parts  without  the  proper  food  ? 

What  are  the  five  groups  of  food  ? 

Do  you  eat  some  food  from  each  group  every  day  ? 

Write  on  the  board  a  list  of  the  foods  you  eat  for 
breakfast,  dinner,  and  supper. 

Fruits  Vegetables 

oranges  potatoes 

peaches  onions 

plums  turnips 

pears  squash 

apples  cabbage 

apricots  peas 

grapes  corn 

cherries  spinach 

pineapples  lettuce 

prunes  radishes 

figs  beets 

lemons  carrots 


LESSON  XLVIII 


THE   POLICEMAN 


burglars 
handcuffs 
patrol  wagon 

jail 
strangers 
prowling 

protect 
traffic 
arrest 

We  lived  on  the  first  floor  of  a  large  house  in  the  city. 
One  night  a  strange  noise  awakened  me.  I  arose  and 
went  into  the  next  room. 

Just  then  I  saw  a  light 
flash  through  an  open  win- 
dow. I  saw  the  tall  form 
of  a  policeman  struggling 
with  two  men  just  outside. 
I  knew  that  they  were 
burglars. 

I  jumped  out  to  help  the 
policeman.  After  a  quick 
struggle  the  policeman 
slipped  the  handcuffs  on 
the  burglars.  I  telephoned 
for  the  patrol  wagon.  The 
men  were  taken  to  the 
police  station.  The  next 
day  they  were  sent  to  jail 
for  burglary. 

109 


no  THE  POLICEMAN 

The  policeman  had  seen  the  strangers  prowling 
around.  He  had  been  watching  my  home  while  I 
slept. 

Policemen  in  every  city  and  town  watch  our 
homes  and  protect  our  lives  day  and  night,  summer 
and  winter.  They  are  men  of  great  strength  and 
quickness,  and  do  not  fear  anything. 

The  policeman  helps  us  in  other  ways.  If  a  child 
is  lost  the  policeman  will  take  care  of  him  and  find 
his  home. 

He  directs  people  who  do  not  know  their  way. 

He  stands  in  the  middle  of  the  crowded  city  streets 
and  directs  the  traffic. 

He  keeps  the  streets  safe  by  stopping  fast  driving. 

He  watches  for  thieves  and  pickpockets  and  ar- 
rests them. 

The  policeman  protects  the  public.  He  sees  that 
the  laws  are  kept. 

It  is  the  duty  of  every  good  citizen  to  obey  him, 
and  to  come  to  his  aid  if  he  needs  help  in  making  an 
arrest. 

The  policeman  is  your  friend  and  my  friend.  We 
would  not  be  safe  without  his  protection. 

Facts  :  The  work  of  executing  (carrying  out)  our 
laws  is  divided  among  the  departments.  Each  depart- 
ment has  its  chief  officer. 


THE  POLICEMAN  in 

CONVERSATIONS  ON  ASKING  YOUR  WAY 

Mr.  Johnson :  Excuse  me !  Will  you  kindly  tell 
me  the  way  to  the  nearest  subway  station  ? 

Policeman:  Take  any  car  going  north  and  get  off 
at  First  Street.  -Ask  the  conductor  for  a  transfer. 

Mr.  Johnson:  Thank  you. 

Mrs.  Williams :  Pardon  me,  will  you  direct  me  to 
the  post  office  ? 

Policeman :  Walk  two  blocks  east,  then  turn  to  the 
right. 

Mr.  Enricks:  Can  you  tell  me  where  the  factory 
of  the  Midland  Manufacturing  Company  is  ? 

Policeman:  Yes.  It  is  on  Union  Street.  Take  a 
Seventh  Avenue  car  to  Madison  Street,  Turn  to 
the  right.  Union  is  a  short  street  on  the  left  of 
Madison. 

Mrs.  Madeiros :  Please  direct  me  to  City  Hall. 
Policeman :  Take  the  first  street  to  the  left.     City 
Hall  is  just  around  the  corner. 


LESSON  XLIX 

THE   POLICE   COURT 

disorderly  offenses 

judge  serious 

guilty  crimes 

sentence  lawyer 

fined  witness 

Burglars  and  people  who  are  disorderly  or  who 
break  the  traffic  rules  often  find  themselves  in  the 
police  court. 

At  the  head  of  the  court  there  is  a  judge.  He 
hears  each  case.  He  decides  whether  or  not  the 
person  being  tried  is  guilty,  and  names  the  sentence. 

Sometimes  a  prisoner  is  fined  and  has  to  pay  a 
sum  of  money.  Sometimes  he  is  sent  to  prison. 

Petty  (small)  offenses,  like  stealing  a  purse,  or 
drunkenness,  are  tried  in  the  city  courts.  More  seri- 
ous crimes,  like  murder,  are  heard  in  a  higher  court. 

The  Supreme  Court  is  the  highest  court. 

Every  prisoner  has  the  right  to  have  a  lawyer  try 
his  case  for  him.  If  he  is  too  poor  to  hire  a  lawyer, 
the  state  hires  one  for  him. 

People  who  obey  the  laws  do  not  have  to  go  to 
court,  unless  they  have  to  appear  as  witnesses. 

The  courts  protect  us.  They  have  been  formed  so 
that  all  will  have  their  rights. 


112 


THE  POLICE   COURT 


Without  the  policeman,  the  traffic  officer,  and  the 
police  court,  our  country  would  not  be  as  good  and 
safe  a  place  to  live  in  as  it  is. 

Facts :  The  chief  officers  in  the  ten  departments, 
which  help  the  President  to  execute  the  laws  and  advise 
him,  form  the  President's  Cabinet.  They  are  the 

Secretary  of  State 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury 

Secretary  of  the  Interior 

Secretary  of  War 

Secretary  of  the  Navy 

Secretary  of  Agriculture 

Attorney-General 

Postmaster-General 

Secretary  of  Commerce  and 

Secretary  of  Labor 


ii4  THE   POLICE   COURT 

EXERCISES 
Read  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blank  spaces : 

Disorderly  people  often  find  themselves  in  -    — . 
There  is  a  -     -  at  the  head  of  each  court. 
He  hears  each  case  and  decides  whether  or  not  a 
person  is  -    — . 

The  judge  names  the  -    — . 


Sometimes  a  prisoner  is 
Sometimes  he  is  sent  to 


Small  offenses  are  tried  in  the  -     -  courts. 

Serious  offenses  are  tried  in  the  -      -  court. 

The  -     -  court  is  the  highest  court  in  the  country. 

Every  prisoner  has  the  right  to  have  a  -  -  try 
his  case  for  him. 

If  he  is  too  poor  to  hire  a  lawyer  the  -  -  will 
hire  one  for  him. 

People  who  -  -  the  laws  do  not  have  to  go  to 
court  except  as  witnesses. 

The  courts  -     -  us. 

The  courts  have  been  formed  so  that  all  will  have 
their  -  — . 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER:  Bring  out,  in  conversation,  the 
fact  that  people  are  sometimes  accused  unjustly,  but  that  the 
vast  majority  of  people  who  are  brought  to  court  are  guilty 
of  some  offense. 


LESSON  L 

A   GOOD    CITIZEN 

Learn  :   Obedience  to  the  Law  is  Liberty. 

pursuit  unlawful  frame 

happiness  equal  candidates 

expense  interfere  earnings 

A  good  citizen  is  a  man  or  woman  who  obeys  the 
laws  of  the  country. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence  says  that  every 
person  has  the  right  to  "life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit 
of  happiness/'  But  no  one  can  seek  his  own  life, 
liberty,  or  happiness  at  the  expense  of  that  of  others. 

Any  man  or  woman  is  free  to  carry  on  any  lawful 
business.  He  can  spend  his  money  in  any  way  that 
he  chooses  if  it  does  not  interfere  with  the  rights  of 
others. 

There  are  certain  things  that  every  good  citizen 
should  do.  The  following  are  some  of  them  : 

I.  Obey  the  laws. 

II.  Keep  his  home  clean  and  help  to  keep  the  city 
clean. 

III.  Attend  school  if  he  is  not  already  educated. 

IV.  Do  some  useful  work. 

V.  Save  part  of  his  earnings. 

VI.  Own  his  own  home  if  possible. 

VII.  See  that  his  children  are  educated. 

"S 


n6  A   GOOD    CITIZEN 

VIII.  Know  what  is  going  on  in  his  city  and  help 
frame  the  laws. 

IX.  Vote  for  the  best  candidates  to  fill  public 
positions. 

X.  Serve  his  city,  state,  and  country  in  every  way 
that  he  can. 

Facts  :  To-day  there  is  business  going  on  between 
all  great  nations  of  the  world.  The  State  Department 
takes  charge  of  sending  ministers  and  consuls  to  other 
countries  to  take  care  of  our  business.  The  State 
Department  issues  passports. 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blank  spaces : 

A  good  citizen  -      -  the  laws  of  the  country. 

Every  person  has  the  right  to . 

No  one  can  seek  his  own  liberty  or  happiness  at 
the  -  -  of  that  of  others. 

Any  man  or  woman  is  free  to  carry  on  any 

business. 

No  one  may  -      -  with  the  rights  of  others. 

What  does  the  Declaration  of  Independence  say 
the  rights  of  a  citizen  are  ? 

Name  ten  things  that  a  good  citizen  should  do. 
Name  some  one  whom  you  think  is  a  good  citizen. 
Tell  why  you  think  he  or  she  is  a  good  citizen. 


LESSON  LI 

THE   HEALTH   DEPARTMENT 

protected  safeguard 

important  sanitary 

prevent  contagious 

disease  quarantining 

We  have  seen  how  the  city  and  its  people  are  pro- 
tected by  the  police  department  and  by  the  fire  de- 
partment. They  are  protected  by  another  depart- 
ment which  is  known  as  the  Board  of  Health  or  the 
Health  Department. 

The  Board  of  Health  does  a  very  important  work. 
It  is  the  duty  of  this  department  to  prevent  disease, 
and  to  safeguard  the  health  of  the  public. 

The  health  department  does  this  by  seeing  to  it 
that  houses,  yards,  and  public  buildings  are  kept  in 
sanitary  condition.  Men  employed  by  the  health 
department  inspect  the  plumbing  in  all  buildings. 
They  see  that  rubbish  is  carried  away. 

When  a  contagious  disease  is  reported  to  the  Board 
of  Health,  an  officer  goes  to  the  house  at  once.  He 
puts  up  on  the  door  a  printed  card.  This  card  noti- 
fies every  one  of  the  presence  of  a  dangerous  sickness. 
The  people  who  live  there  must  stay  at  home.  No 
one  except  the  doctor  may  visit  the  house. 

117 


n8  THE  HEALTH  DEPARTMENT 

A  house  is  quarantined  so  that  the  disease  may 
not  be  carried  to  other  people.  When  the  sickness 
has  disappeared  the  quarantine  is  removed. 

The  Board  of  Health  examines  milk  and  water  to 
see  that  they  are  pure. 

All  of  this  is  done  for  our  protection  against  sick- 
ness. We  must  help  the  Board  of  Health  by  obeying 
its  rules. 

Facts  :  The  War  Department  and  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment control  the  affairs  of  the  army  and  navy.  Officers 
for  the  army  are  trained  at  West  Point ,  New  York. 
Officers  for  the  navy  are  trained  at  Annapolis,  Mary- 
land. 

EXERCISES 

How  is  every  city  protected  ? 

Name  the  departments  we  have  read  about. 

What  is  the  work  of  each  department  ? 

Name  four  contagious  diseases. 

What  is  quarantining  ? 

Why  are  people  quarantined  ? 

Which  department  do  you  think  gives  us  the  best 
protection,  —  the  police  department,  the  fire  de- 
partment, or  the  health  department  ? 

Write  a  short  story  describing  the  work  of  any  of 
these  departments. 


LESSON  LII 

WORDS   THAT   TELL   "HOW" 

How  does  he  do  his  work  ?  He  does  his  work 
quickly. 

How  does  she  dress  ?     She  dresses  neatly. 

How  did  he  speak  ?     He  spoke  loudly. 

How  does  he  drive  ?     He  drives  slowly. 

How  did  the  soldiers  fight  ?     They  fought  bravely. 

How  did  the  storm  come  on  ?  It  came  on  sud- 
denly. 

How  do  you  walk  ?     I  walk  rapidly. 

How  did  the  foreman  speak  ?  The  foreman  spoke 
pleasantly. 

Use  these  words  in  sentences  : 

slowly  plainly 

smoothly  wisely 

roughly  swiftly 

falsely  clearly 

cordially  carefully 

nicely  happily 
119 


120  WORDS   THAT   TELL   "HOW" 

Fill  in  the  blanks  with  words  that  tell  "how"  : 
He  can  write  -    — . 
I  always  eat  -    — . 
He  talks  too  -    — . 
They  answered  -    — . 

The  children  played . 

They  dress  -     -  in  winter. 

The  sun  shone  -    — . 

How  -     -  the  work  was  done  ! 

The  policeman  spoke  -     -  to  the  little  child. 

She  laughed  -     -  as  she  spoke. 

Facts  :  The  Treasury  Department  is  the  great  purse 
of  the  nation.  It  has  charge  of  duties  and  tariffs,  and 
taxes  on  goods  made  in  our  own  country. 

EXERCISES 

Copy  these  sentences  and  draw  a  line  under  the 
words  that  tell  "how." 

The  woman  spoke  kindly  to  the  poor  man. 

The  river  rose  suddenly. 

The  burglar  stepped  boldly  into  the  room. 

The  childern  played  noisily. 

You  should  sign  your  name  plainly. 

Come  quickly,  please. 

The  prisoners  in  Siberia  suffered  terribly. 

He  answered  all  the  questions  intelligently. 


LESSON  LIII 

CARELESSNESS 
Learn  :  Look  before  you  leap. 

9 

mighty  injured 

enemy  wounded 

destroy  cripples 

munitions  accidents 

action  avoid 

If  it  were  known  that  a  terrible  enemy  were  to 
kill  75,000  people  in  the  United  States  every  year, 
we  would  raise  a  mighty  army  to  destroy  this  enemy. 

There  is  such  an  enemy.  It  is  more  deadly  than 
guns,  bombs,  and  other  munitions  of  war. 

This  enemy's  name  is  Carelessness. 

During  the  nineteen  months  that  the  United 
States  was  in  the  World  War,  the  number  of  persons 
who  lost  their  lives  through  Carelessness  was  over 
125,000.  The  number  of  soldiers  and  sailors  who  lost 
their  lives  in  action  was  less  than  half  that  number. 

During  the  time  that  we  were  at  war  nearly 
3,000,000  persons  were  injured  in  accidents  in  this 
country.  About  250,000  Americans  were  wounded 
in  France.  So  we  see  that  Carelessness  is  more  deadly 
than  war. 


121 


122  CARELESSNESS 

In  time  of  war  we  can  get  our  soldiers  together 
and  march  against  our  enemy.  We  cannot  send  our 
soldiers  against  Carelessness.  It  is  only  through 
thought  for  ourselves  and  others  that  we  can  fight  it. 
We  must  use  greater  care  in  our  work,  on  the  street, 
and  in  the  home. 

If  we  went  through  the  hospitals  where  cripples 
are  suffering  from  accidents,  we  would  surely  make  up 
our  minds  to  avoid  the  things  that  make  accidents 
possible. 

CARE  and  CAUTION  for  ourselves  and  others 
in  all  we  do  are  the  guns  and  munitions  with  which 
we  must  fight  our  biggest  enemy,  Carelessness. 

Facts  :  The  Department  of  the  Interior  has  charge 
of  the  sale  of  public  lands,  copyrights,  patents,  pensions, 
etc.  Information  on  the  sale  of  public  lands  can  be 
obtained  by  writing  to  the  Land  Office,  Washington, 
D.  C.  The  Bureau  of  Education  belongs  to  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  the  name  of  one  of  our  biggest  enemies  ? 

How  many  people  lose  their  lives  through  Care- 
lessness every  year  in  the  United  States  ? 

How  many  Americans  lost  their  lives  during  the 
World  War  ? 


CARELESSNESS  123 

How  many  people  in  the  United  States  were  killed 
through  Carelessness  during  the  same  length  of 
time  ? 

How  many  soldiers  and  sailors  were  wounded 
during  the  war  in  France  ? 

How  many  people  were  injured  in  this  country 
during  the  same  time  ? 

Which  is  more  deadly  -  -  War  or  Carelessness  ? 

How  do  we  fight  in  war  ? 

Can  we  use  guns  and  munitions  against  Careless- 
ness ? 

With  what  must  we  fight  it  ? 

Write  on  the  board  the  name  of  one  of  our  biggest 
enemies. 

WRITING 

Copy  these  words  into  your  note  book.  Learn  to 
spell  them : 

enemy  accidents 

army  wounded 

destroy  carelessness 

deadly  fight 

war  hospitals 

lost  cripples 

injured  suffering 


LESSON  LIV 

TONY   "STEALS"   A   SMOKE 

rules  terrible 

decided  darting 

cigarette  rushing 

footsteps  trampled 

disobey  ruined 

Tony  worked  in  a  factory.  Every  day  as  he 
went  in,  he  read  a  sign.  It  said,  "No  Smoking." 

One  day  while  Tony  was  working  he  wished  that 
he  might  have  a  smoke.  He  knew  that  smoking 
was  against  the  rules,  but  he  wanted  to  smoke  so 
very  much  that  he  decided  to  "steal"  one. 

He  went  into  the  wash  room.  He  lighted  a  ciga- 
rette. He  heard  some  one  coming  He  threw  the 
match  away  quickly.  It  fell  in  a  corner  where  some 
papers  had  been  thrown.  Tony  hid  behind  the  door. 
When  the  footsteps  had  passed  he  smoked  his 
cigarette.  He  went  back  to  work. 

Fire!  Fire!  The  wash  room  and  halls  were  full 
of  smoke. 

Two  people  had  disobeyed  the  rules.  One  had 
thrown  papers  on  the  floor.  The  other  had  smoked 
a  cigarette. 

The  match  that  Tony  had  thrown  away  so  quickly 
had  set  fire  to  the  papers  in  the  corner. 

124 


TONY   " STEALS"   A   SMOKE  12.5 

What  a  terrible  sight !  Clouds  of  smoke,  and 
flames  darting  here  and  there  and  everywhere. 

Instead  of  keeping  cool,  every  one  rushed  about. 
Some  jumped  from  windows.  Women  were  trampled 
upon.  Many  lives  were  lost  and  the  factory  was 
ruined. 

And  all  because  two  people  had  broken  the  rules. 
One  threw  papers  into  the  corner.  Another  "  stole  " 
a  smoke. 

Facts  :  The  Department  of  Agriculture  takes  care 
of  the  interests  of  the  farmer.  It  sends  seeds  and  in- 
formation to  farmers  all  over  the  country. 

EXERCISES 

What  sign  did  Tony  see  each  morning  as  he  went 
into  the  factory  ? 

Where  have  you  seen  this  sign  ? 

What  did  Tony  wish  for  while  he  was  working  ? 

What  did  he  decide  to  do  ? 

What  rule  did  he  break  ? 

Where  did  he  "steal"  the  smoke  ? 

What  did  he  do  when  he  heard  some  one  coming  ? 

What  happened  ? 

What  other  rule  had  been  broken  ? 

Describe  the  fire. 

What  should  every  one  do  in  case  of  fire  ? 


LESSON  LV 

APOSTROPHE   IN  THE  POSSESSIVE 

This  cap  belongs  to  the  boy. 
This  is  the  boy's  cap. 

These  rubbers  belong  to  the  girl. 
These  are  the  girl's  rubbers. 

This  automobile  belongs  to  John. 
This  is  John's  automobile. 

This  pocketbook  belongs  to  Mary. 
This  is  Mary's  pocketbook. 

What  is  the  woman's  name  ? 

The  woman's  name  is  Mrs.  Ratchesky. 

Does  Mr.  Brown  own  this  house  ? 
No,  this  is  Mr.  Smith's  house. 

Where  is  your  brother's  store  ? 
My  brother's  store  is  on  Main  St. 

Whose  hat  is  this  ? 
That  is  my  sister's  hat. 

We  use  an  apostrophe  to  show  ownership  or  pos- 
session. 

126 


APOSTROPHE  IN  THE  POSSESSIVE          127 

After  the  apostrophe  we  add  an  -s  as  : 

friend  friend's 

merchant  merchant's 

men  men's 

children  children's 

If  the  word  ends  in  -s  we  place  the  apostrophe 
after  the  -s  and  do  not  add  another  -s  as : 

boys  boys' 

carpenters  carpenters' 

Mr.  Stearns  Mr.  Stearns' 

ladies  ladies' 

enemies  enemies' 

Write  sentences  using  these  possessives : 

Singular  Plural 

(one)  (more  than  one) 

man's  gentlemen's 

bird's  children's 

driver's  Italians' 

foreman's  workers' 

pupil's  girls' 

Facts :  The  Departments  of  Commerce  and  Labor 
protect  the  interests  of  our  country  in  commerce ^  labor, 
and  industry.  They  carry  out  our  immigration  laws. 
The  Division  of  Naturalization  belongs  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labor. 


LESSON  LVI 

CHECKS   AND   RECEIPTS 

(Teacher  should  have  class  fill  out  blank  forms  of  checks 
and  receipts.  Have  pupils  write  the  letters  and  address  the 
envelopes  which  would  accompany  the  check  and  receipt.) 

repaired  receipt 

signed  mistake 

contained  proving 

Mr.  Macy,  a  carpenter,  repaired  the  roof  on  my 
house.  The  bill  was  forty-five  dollars. 

I  did  not  wish  to  send  the  money  in  a  letter,  so  I 
made  out  a  check  for  $45  and  sent  it  to  Mr.  Macy. 

I  wrote  the  date  at  the  top  of  the  check.  I  made 
the  check  out  to  the  order  of  William  Macy.  I 
wrote  the  number  of  dollars  I  wished  to  pay  him.  I 
signed  my  name  at  the  bottom  of  the  check. 

CHECK 


*W                          Milwaukee,  Wis,  ™™ 

ih,  3/,  f<?22 

FIRST    NATIONAL   BANK. 

Pay  to  the 

* 
nr-Aor-    r^f                                T^MCU^W^    ?Ma<&U                                      J 

oruer  or                                               r                      • 

tyff.-j^ 

•SWV^eW  *W  ^_                                           ^Dollars 

"M".-.        78^"                                                  jOWtb   ^/jv-£//yii^Af 

128 


CHECKS   AND   RECEIPTS  129 

,  A  few  days  later  I  received  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Macy.  It  contained  a  receipt  for  the  money  I  had 
paid  him. 

This  is  the  receipt  Mr.  Macy  sent  to  me. 

*  RECEIPT 


t^-m                           Milwaukee,  Wis..  ^ 

lAAl  V,  /e?22 

Received  from                        M*  *tfa*™> 

JMr^  

00 

too  Dollars 

&<yb  i&faiiAA/Yia  loot  on  no/uQ/&  at/  38  TMaisW,  &t 

Itksiti&'ms  7yia<?A4 

I  did  not  wish  to  lose  my  receipt  so  I  put  it  away 
carefully.  I  was  glad  to  have  my  roof  repaired  and 
the  bill  paid. 

Facts  :  The  Postmaster-General  has  charge  of  all  post 
offices.  All  matters  relating  to  mail  service,  money 
orders,  dead  letters,  etc.,  are  regulated  from  this  depart- 
ment. 

EXERCISES 

Checks  are  used  instead  of  what  ? 
Which  is  easier  to  send  in  the  mail  —  fifty  dollars 
in  money,  or  a  check  for  fifty  dollars  ? 


130 


CHECKS   AND   RECEIPTS 


Which  is  safer  ? 

Make  out  a  check  to  Thomas  Ellis  for  $86.00. 

Write  the  letter  you  would  send  to  Mr.  Ellis. 

Write  the  receipt  which  you  would  receive  from  Mr. 
Ellis.  Write  a  letter  such  as  you  would  receive  from 
Mr.  Ellis. 

What  must  a  person,  to  whom  a  check  is  payable, 
do  before  he  can  cash  his  check  ? 

How  do  you  endorse  a  check  ? 

Use  these  words  in  sentences : 

bill  received 

money  contained 

letter  lose 

check  mail 

sent  safer 

date  payable 

pay  bank 

sign  cash 

name  paid 

later  indorse 


LESSON  LVII 

MR.   THOMAS   SPREADS   CONSUMPTION 

coughed  reported 

consumption  spread 

appetite  disease 

weight  responsible 

careless  treatment 

Mr.  Thomas  worked  near  me.  He  coughed  a 
great  deal.  Sometimes  he  spat  on  the  floor.  He 
never  covered  his  mouth  when  he  coughed.  One 
day  I  saw  him  using  my  drinking  cup. 

Soon  after,  Mr.  Thomas  had  to  leave  work.  He 
had  consumption. 

I  began  to  feel  sick,  too.  I  had  no  appetite.  I 
lost  weight  and  felt  tired  all  the  time.  I  began  to 
cough.  I  went  to  the  doctor.  I  told  him  how  I  felt. 
He  asked  me  where  I  worked. 

"Did  you  work  near  Mr.  Thomas?"  he  said.  I 
told  him  that  I  did. 

I  told  him  that  Mr.  Thomas  used  to  spit  on  the 
floor,  that  he  never  covered  his  mouth  when  he 
coughed,  and  that  he  sometimes  used  my  drinking 
cup. 


132     MR.   THOMAS   SPREADS   CONSUMPTION 


"Mr.  Thomas  has  consumption,"  he  said.  "Now 
you  have  it,  too.  When  you  saw  that  he  was  care- 
less you  should  have  reported  him  to  your  foreman. 
Spitting  and  coughing  spread  disease." 

I  had  to  leave  work.  I  saw  Mr.  Thomas,  and  I 
think  he  knew  that  he  was  responsible  for  my  sick- 
ness. He  felt  sorry,  poor  fellow. 

I  took  the  treatment  the  doctor  ordered.  Because 
I  had  gone  to  him  so  soon,  it  was  easier  to  cure  me, 
and  I  was  well  in  a  few  months. 

I  had  learned  a  good  lesson,  one  I  shall  remember  all 
my  life. 


MR.   THOMAS   SPREADS   CONSUMPTION      133 

Facts :  The  Attorney-General  presides  over  the  De- 
partment of  Justice,  that  is,  the  courts  of  the  land.  He 
attends  to  the  legal  affairs  of  the  nation. 

EXERCISES 

• 

Reading  and  Writing 

Read  these  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks,  then 
copy  the  sentences,  filling  in  the  blanks : 

Mr.  Thomas near  me. 

He  often on  the  floor. 

He  did  not  -     -  his  mouth  when  he  coughed. 

He my  drinking  cup. 

Soon  he  had  to work. 

He  had . 

I  began  to  feel ,  too. 

I  -  —  weight,  and  had  no  appetite. 

I  had  to  leave . 

I  -      -  to  a  doctor. 

I him  how  I  felt. 

I  -     -  him  about  Mr.  Thomas. 
He  said  I  should  have  -      -  Mr.  Thomas  to  my 
foreman. 

Spitting  and  coughing disease. 

I  took  the  -     -  the  doctor  ordered. 

It  -     -  me. 

I  had  learned  a  good . 


LESSON  LVIII 

INDEPENDENCE   DAY 

tax  Independence 

colonists  signed 

allowed  Philadelphia 

share  cause 

Declaration  resulted 

Many  years  ago  England  laid  a  heavy  tax  on  the 
colonists.  They  could  not  and  would  not  pay  this 
tax. 

They  were  not  allowed  any  share  in  making  Eng- 
land's laws.  So  they  saw  no  reason  why  England 
should  tax  them. 

They  drew  up  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
which  was  signed  in  Philadelphia  on  July  4,  1776, 
declaring  themselves  free  and  independent  of  Eng- 
land. 

The  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
believed  that  all  men  were  born  free  and  equal. 
They  believed  that  every  man  had  certain  rights, 
among  them  "life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happi- 


ness." 


The  colonists  stood  ready  to  fight  for  their  cause. 
A  long  war  with  seven  years  of  hard  fighting  and 

134 


INDEPENDENCE   DAY  135 

great  loss  of  life  resulted.     But  in  the  end  the  colo- 
nists won  their  independence. 

Since  that  time  America  has  been  known  as  the 
"land  of  the  free." 

Facts  :  The  Constitution  also  provides  for  a  Judicial 
Department  of  our  government.  There  are  three  grades 
of  courts  in  the  Judicial  Department.  They  are  the 
Supreme  Court,  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  and  the 
District  Courts. 

EXERCISES 

Name  the  thirteen  original  colonies. 

Point  to  them  on  the  map. 

Why  did  the  colonists  declare  themselves  free 
from  England  ? 

Where  was  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
signed  ? 

When  was  it  signed  ? 

What  did  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence believe  ? 

What  followed  the  signing  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  ? 

How  long  did  the  war  last  ? 

What  was  the  outcome  of  the  Revolutionary  War  ? 

What  is  America  sometimes  called  ? 


LESSON  LIX 

THE  FUTURE  TENSE 

To-morrow  —  next    week  —  next    month  —  next 
year. 

To-morrow 

I  shall  go  to  work  We  shall  go  to  work 

You  will  go  to  work  You  will  go  to  work 

He  will  go  to  work  They  will  go  to  work 

She  will  go  to  work 

Next  Week 

I  shall  go  to  school  We  shall  go  to  school 

You  will  go  to  school  You  will  go  to  school 

He  will  go  to  school  They  will  go  to  school 

She  will  go  to  school 

Next  Month 

I  shall  go  to  the  picnic  We  shall  go  to  the  picnic 

You  will  go  to  the  picnic  You  will  go  to  the  picnic 

He  will  go  to  the  picnic  They  will  go  to  the  picnic 
She  will  go  to  the  picnic 

Next  Year 

I  shall  go  to  Pittsburgh  We  shall  go  to  Pittsburgh 
You  will  go  to  Pittsburgh  You  will  go  to  Pittsburgh 
He  will  go  to  Pittsburgh  They  will  go  to  Pitts- 
She  will  go  to  Pittsburgh  burgh 

136 


THE   FUTURE  TENSE  137 

The  future  tense  describes  actions  that  have  not 
happened,  but  which  are  going  to  happen  in  the 
future,  as  to-morrow,  next  week,  next  month,  next 
year. 

I  shall  go  to  work  to-morrow. 

I  shall  go  to  school  next  week. 

I  shall  go  to  the  picnic  next  month. 

I  shall  go  to  Pittsburgh  next  year. 

Tell  the  class  of  something  you  will  do  to-morrow. 
Tell  them  of  something  you  will  do  next  week; 
next  month  ;  next  year. 

Facts :  Each  state  has  a  constitution  of  its  own. 
The  laws  by  which  a  state  is  governed  are  set  forth  in 
this  constitution.  The  state  constitution  must  agree 
with  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 


Copy: 

I  shall  become  a  citizen. 
You  will  become  a  citizen. 
He  will  become  a  citizen. 
She  will  become  a  citizen. 

We  shall  become  citizens. 
You  will  become  citizens. 
They  will  become  citizens. 


LESSON  LX 

A   MISTAKE   IN   PAY 

Learn  :  Honesty  is  the  best  policy. 

envelope  mistake 

earned  honest 

extra  remember 

pay  clerk  chose 

Nicolas  was  paid  to-day.  He  opened  his  pay  envel- 
ope. There  were  four  five  dollar  bills  in  it  and  he  had 
earned  only  eighteen  dollars  ($18.00).  He  had  re- 
ceived two  dollars  extra. 

Nicolas  went  to  his  foreman  and  showed  him  his 
pay  envelope.  The  foreman  counted  the  money, 
five,  ten,  fifteen,  twenty  dollars.  He  looked  up 
Nicolas'  name  in  the  time  book. 

"You  are  right,"  he  said.  "Your  pay  is  eighteen 
dollars  ($18.00)."  He  called  the  pay  clerk.  The 
pay  clerk  found  that  he  had  made  a  mistake.  He 
took  the  two  dollars  ($2.00)  which  Nicolas  gave  him. 

The  foreman  shook  hands  with  Nicolas.  He  said, 
"Nicolas,  I  always  thought  you  were  an  honest 
fellow.  Now  I  know  it.  I  shall  remember  this." 

138 


A   MISTAKE   IN   PAY  139 

Nicolas  had  not  earned  the  money  so  he  did  not 
want  it. 

Not  long  afterwards  the  foreman  wanted  an 
honest  fellow  for  a  better  job,  and  Nicolas  was  the 
man  he  chose. 

Facts  :  It  is  often  necessary  for  the  state  to  make 
new  laws  besides  the  laws  named  in  the  state  constitu- 
tion. These  laws  are  called  state  laws  and  must  not 
conflict  with  the  state  constitution. 

EXERCISES 

How  much  money  did  Nicolas  get  in  his  pay  en- 
velope ? 

How  much  had  he  earned  ? 

Whom  did  he  tell  about  it  ? 

Whom  did  his  foreman  tell  ? 

What  did  the  pay  clerk  do  ? 

What  did  his  foreman  say  to  Nicolas  ? 

When  the  foreman  was  looking  for  an  honest 
man  to  put  on  a  better  job,  whom  did  he  choose  ? 

Did  you  ever  get  too  much  money  in  your  pay 
envelope  ? 

Did  you  ever  get  too  little  ? 

Whom  did  you  tell  ? 

What  was  done  about  it  ? 


LESSON  LXI 

FIRST  AID 

(To  be  dramatized  as  far  as  is  practicable.) 

I 

Accident 

Do  not  get  excited. 
Give  the  patient  fresh  air. 
Keep  the  crowd  away. 
Loosen  tight  clothing. 

If  an  arm  or  a  leg  is  injured  raise  it  a  little. 
If  the  head  is  injured  raise  it  higher  than  the  body. 
Send  for  a  doctor  at  once. 
Tell  him  what  happened. 

ii 

Fainting 

Lay  the  patient  out  flat  at  once,  with  the  head 
a  little  lower  than  the  body. 

Give  him  fresh  air. 

Keep  bystanders  away. 

Loosen  the  clothing. 

Sprinkle  water  gently  on  the  face. 

Rub  the  limbs  toward  the  body. 

Hold  spirits  of  camphor  or  ammonia  near  the  nose. 

When  the  patient  recovers  give  him  a  cup  of  hot 
tea  or  coffee. 

140 


FIRST  AID  141 

in 

Burns 

Make  the  patient  lie  down. 

Wrap  him  in  a  heavy  blanket  or  cloak  to  smother 
the  fire. 

Cut  away  the  clothing  from  the  burns. 
Cover  the  burns  with  moist  cloths. 
Send  for  a  doctor. 

IV 

Bleeding 

Cut  away  the  clothing  from  the  bleeding  part. 

If  the  wound  is  in  a  limb,  raise  the  limb.  Apply 
pressure  to  the  wound  with  a  pad  of  gauze,  and 
bandage.  Send  for  a  doctor  at  once. 

If  blood  spurts,  apply  a  tourniquet  between  the 
wound  and  the  heart. 

Do  not  leave  a  tight  bandage  on  too  long. 

Bleeding  will  usually  stop  in  ten  or  fifteen  min- 
utes. 

Loosen  the  bandage  a  little,  very  carefully. 


Drowning 

Pull  the  patient  out  of  the  water. 

Do  not  let  him  get  a  dangerous  hold  on  you. 

Lay  him  face  downward. 


142 


FIRST  AID 


Raise  him  several  times  with  your  hands  clasped 
under  his  stomach,  or  lay  him  on  a  barrel  or  other 
object  with  the  weight  on  the  stomach. 


Let  the  face  hang  down  so  that  the  water  will 
run  out. 

Open  the  mouth  and  draw  the  tongue  forward. 

Lay  the  patient  on  his  back. 

Raise  the  arms  over  the  head. 

Draw  them  straight  backwards,  then  forward 
over  the  head  and  fold  them  across  the  stomach. 

Press  the  arms  to  the  sides. 

Do  this  several  times. 

Keep  raising  and  lowering  the  arms  until  breath- 
ing starts. 


FIRST  AID 


143 


Do  not  get  discouraged.  People  have  breathed 
after  three  hours'  work  on  them. 

VI 

Gas  Poisoning 

Take  the  patient  to  the  open  air. 
Send  for  a  doctor. 

Dash  cold  water  on  the  patient's  face  and  chest. 
Give  breathing  exercises  as  to  a  drowning  patient. 
Apply  hot  water  bottles  to  the  body. 
Give  the  patient  a  hot  drink  when  he  is  recover- 
ing. 

Facts :  The  State  government,  like  the  National 
government,  is  divided  into  three  departments.  They 
are  the  Legislative  Department,  the  Executive  Depart- 
ment, and  the  Judicial  Department. 

EXERCISES 
Copy  these  rules  into  your  note  book. 

In  case  of  accident : 

Do  not  get  excited. 
Give  the  patient  fresh  air. 
Keep  the  crowd  away. 
Send  for  a  doctor  at  once. 
Tell  him  what  happened. 


LESSON  LXII 

THE  PRESENT  AND   THE   PROGRESSIVE   PRESENT 

Present 

The  policeman  stands  at  the  corner. 
A  man  drives  an  automobile  down  the  street. 
He  drives  too  fast. 
The  policeman  stops  the  car. 
He  arrests  the  driver. 

The  policeman  takes  the  driver  to  the  court  house. 
The  driver  pays  a  fine. 

I  stand  We  stand 

You  stand  You  stand 

He  stands  They  stand 

She  stands 
It  stands 

Progressive  Present 

The  policeman  is  standing  at  the  corner. 
A  man  is  driving  an  automobile  down  the  street. 
He  is  driving  too  fast. 
The  policeman  is  stopping  the  car. 
He  is  arresting  the  driver. 

The  policeman  is  taking  the  driver  to  the  court 
house. 

The  driver  is  paying  a  fine. 

144 


PRESENT  AND   PROGRESSIVE   PRESENT     145 

I  am  standing.  We  are  standing. 

You  are  standing.  You  are  standing. 

He  is  standing.  They  are  standing. 

She  is  standing. 
It  is  standing. 

The  progressive  present  describes  an  action  which 
is  taking  place  now  ;  at  this  instant ;  at  the  present 
moment. 

Read  these  sentences  in  the  progressive  present : 

He  sits  at  the  window. 

It  snows. 

He  looks  down  the  street. 

He  watches  the  people  as  they  hurry  by. 

He  wonders  where  they  go. 

Answer  these  questions,  without  reference  to  the 
text,  if  possible  : 

Who  is  standing  at  the  corner  ? 
Who  is  driving  an  automobile  ? 
How  is  he  driving  ? 
Who  is  stopping  the  car  ? 
What  is  the  policeman  doing  ? 
Where  is  he  taking  the  driver  ? 
What  is  the  driver  paying  ? 


146     PRESENT  AND   PROGRESSIVE   PRESENT 

Fill  in  the  blanks  with  the  progressive  present 
form  of  watch  : 

I .  We . 

You .         You . 


He .  They . 

She  - 
It- 

Facts  :  The  Legislative  Department1  consists  of  the 
Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives?  Members 
of  the  Senate  are  called  Senators.  Members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  are  called  Representatives? 

EXERCISES 
Copy: 

I  am  writing. 
You  are  writing. 
He  is  writing. 
She  is  writing. 

We  are  writing. 
You  are  writing. 
They  are  writing. 

1  Sometimes  called   the   State  Legislature,  the   General  Assembly,  or  the 
General  Court. 

2  Called  the  Assembly  in  New  York  State.     Sometimes  called  the  House  of 
Delegates. 

3  Sometimes  called  Assemblymen  or  Delegates. 


LESSON  LXIII 

LETTER  OF  APPLICATION  AND  REPLY 


WANJED  — MAN  TO  TAKE  CHARGE  OF 
MECHANICS 

Write  stating  age,  experience,  present  employment.  State 
also  whether  personal  interview  is  possible.  Address  John 
Stedman,  Southeastern  Metal  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


APPLICATION 

198  Chestnut  St., 
Philadelphia,  Pa., 
August  26,  1 921 
Mr.  John  Stedman, 

Southeastern  Metal  Co., 
Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  saw  your  advertisement,  in  the  Baltimore  Sun,  for 
a  man  to  take  charge  of  mechanics.  I  wish  to  apply 
for  the  position. 

I  am  twenty-eight  years  old.  I  have  had  three 
years9  experience  at  the  General  Milling  Co.  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  where  I  am  now  employed. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  come  to  Baltimore  for  an  interview. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Alfred  Wilson 
147 


148     LETTER   OF   APPLICATION  AND   REPLY 

REPLY  TO  APPLICATION 

Southeastern  Metal  Co., 

Baltimore,  Md., 

AugUSt  31,  IQ2I 

Mr.  Alfred  Wilson, 
iQSChestnut  St., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dear  Sir: 

Your  application  has  been  received  and  placed  on  file. 
W\ll  you  please  call  at  this  office  on  Tuesday,  Septem- 
ber fth,  between  ten  and  eleven  A.M.  for  an  interview? 

Very  truly  yours, 
John  H.  Stedman 

Employment  Manager. 

Facts  :  Members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives are  elected  by  the  voters.  Senators  and  Rep- 
resentatives meet  at  the  State  Capitol  (State  House) 
in  the  capital  city  of  each  state  to  make  the  laws. 

EXERCISES 

Write  a  letter  of  application  for  any  of  the  posi- 
tions named  in  the  advertisements  on  page  149. 

Write  a  reply  to  the  application. 

Write  your  letters  neatly  on  white  note  paper. 
Use  black  ink. 


LETTER   OF  APPLICATION   AND   REPLY     149 
MALE  HELP  WANTED 


YOUNG  MAN 

STRONG,    GENERAL    FACTORY   WORK:    GOOD    JOB 

FOR  GOOD   MAN 
Address    VAN  DYK  &  REEVES, 

BUSH  TERMINAL  NO.  20   BROOKLYN. 


YOUNG  MAN  for  clerical  and  stock  work  in  large  commercia 
bouse ;  must  be  interested  in  future  career  as  well  as  in  amount 
of  present  salary.  Write,  stating  age,  experience  and  salary 
desired.  HH  347  World,  Brooklyn. 


YOUTHS,  17, 

from  school :  learn  wholesale  mercantile  business. 

ADDRESS  WHOLESALE, 
BOX  139,  MADISON  SQUARE 


LABORERS   WANTED 

STEADY  outdoor  work,  good  pay,  address  PERRY,  DOANE 
CO.,  214  West  First  st,  South  Boston  27. 


YOUNG  MAN  WANTED  AS  HELPER  TO  WORK  IN 
FURNITURE  STORE:  SALARY  $17  PER  WEEK. 
APPLY  AT  OFFICE  OF  WHALEN  BROS.,  SMITH  ST., 
CORNER  WYCKOFF,  BROOKLYN. 


YOUNG  MEN 
as  helpers  in  washroom ;    good  opportunity  to  learn  the  busi 
ness;     $20  start,  with  rapid  advancement.    Address  Carolyn 
Laundry,  no  E.  i29th. 


A  MACHINIST  ALWAYS  IN  DEMAND.  BECOME  ONE 

— Specialized  instruction  on  lathes,  milling  machines,  shapers 
grinders :  send  for  free  pass  and  booklet.  West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A 
308  W.  57th  st.,  Dept.  D. :  phone  Columbus  7920. 


YOUNG  MEN  to  assist  on  parcel  post  packing ;  near  nthst 
station,  Queensboro  subway  and  SQth  Street  Bridge,  Long 
Island  City.  Auto  Sales  Corp.,  i3th  st.  and  Van  Alst  av. 
Long  Island  City. 


PRACTICAL  PAINT  GRINDER  and  tinner,  one  capable 
of  taking  charge  of  small  growing  factory  in  Baltimore 
exceptional  opportunity  for  right  man  who  is  looking  for  a 
future :  salary  $45  per  week,  Address  F.  M.  255  World. 


YOUNG  MAN  who  has  had  some  machine  shop  experience 
and  who  desires  a  steady  position  with  an  old  established  concern 
with  future  possibilities;  salary  to  start  $i 7 ;  give  full  particu- 
lars. Address  B.  T.,  255  World. 


LESSON  LXIV 

INSURANCE 
Learn  :  Do  you  carry  life  insurance  ? 

married  sad  charity 

pneumonia  insurance  want 

suffering  provided  especially 

died  thrown  depending 

Mr.  Dombrowski  was  thirty-four  years  old.  He 
had  been  in  this  country  fifteen  years.  He  was 
married  and  had  four  children.  It  had  taken  al- 
most all  the  money  he  earned  to  bring  up  his  family. 

One  day  Mr.  Dombrowski  went  home  from  work 
early.  He  did  not  feel  just  right.  His  wife  called 
a  doctor.  The  doctor  said  her  husband  had  pneu- 
monia and  that  he  was  a  very  sick  man. 

Night  after  night  they  watched  him,  but  he 
grew  no  better.  After  two  weeks'  suffering  he  died. 
His  wife  and  four  children  were  sad  indeed. 

The  oldest  boy  was  not  yet  old  enough  to  work. 
The  mother  could  not  go  out  to  work  and  leave  the 
younger  children  and  the  baby  alone. 

As  the  days  went  by  Mrs.  Dombrowski  thought, 
"What  would  I  have  done  without  that  insurance  ?" 
Her  husband  had  thought  of  her  and  the  children, 
and  had  provided  for  them.  They  need  not  be  thrown 

150 


INSURANCE 


on  the  charity  of  the  world.  Long  before  his  sickness 
he  had  taken  out  a  $1000  Life  Insurance  Policy. 

He  had  paid  fifty-eight  cents  ($.58)  a  week  to  an 
insurance  company.  He  did  not  miss  fifty-eight 
cents  each  week  and  now  $1000  saved  his  wife  and 
children  from  want. 

Every  man  or  woman,  especially  those  who  have 
any  one  depending  on  them,  should  have  a  life 
insurance  policy. 

This  table  shows  how  little  it  costs  each  year. 

PREMIUM  RATES  FOR  #1000  INSURANCE 


AGE 
NEAREST 
.  BIRTHDAY 

ANNUAL 

SEMI- 
ANNUAL 

QUARTERLY 

MONTHLY 

WEEKLY 

AGE 
NEAREST 
BIRTHDAY 

20 

$18.46 

$  9.60 

$4.90 

$1.70 

$.42 

20 

21 

18.93 

9.85 

5-02 

•73 

•43 

21 

22 

19.41 

IO.IO 

5-15 

•75 

•44 

22 

23 

19-93 

10.37 

5-29 

•77 

.46 

23 

24 

20.45 

10.64 

5-42 

.82 

.48 

24 

—25— 

20.99 

10.92 

5-57 

.86 

•50 

—25— 

26 

21-55 

II.  21 

5-7i 

.90 

•5i 

26 

27 

22.15 

11-52 

5.87 

•95 

•52 

27 

28 

22.75 

11.83 

6.03 

2.OI 

•53 

28 

29 

23-39 

12.17 

6.2O 

2.06 

•55 

29 

—30— 

24.05 

12.51 

6.38 

2.12 

.58 

—30— 

31 

24-73 

12.86 

6.56 

2.18 

•59 

31 

32 

25-44 

13-23 

6-75 

2-25 

.60 

32 

33 

26.17 

13.61 

6.94 

2.31 

.61 

33 

34 

26.95 

14.02 

7-iS 

2.38 

.62 

34 

—35— 

27-75 

14-43 

7.36 

2-45 

.64 

—35— 

152  INSURANCE 

Facts  :  The  Governor  is  the  chief  executive  officer 
in  the  state.  He  is  elected  by  the  voters.  It  is  the  duty 
of  the  Governor  to  see  that  the  laws  are  obeyed. 

EXERCISES 

How  long  have  you  lived  in  tl  is  country  ? 

Are  you  married  ?     Have  you  any  children  ? 

Do  you  spend  all  the  money  you  earn  each  week  ? 

Have  you  saved  any  for  a  rainy  day  ? 

Would  your  wife><md  children  have  enough  to 
live  on  without  you  ? 

Is  your  life  insured  ?•  -; 

How  old  are  you  ? 

Find  out  on  the  table  given  in  this  lesson  how 
much  money  you  would  have  to  pay  each  week  for 
a  $1060  life  insurance. 

Do  you  not  spend  that  much  money  every  week 
on  things  that  are  not  necessary  ? 

Can't  you  spend  this  small  sum  to  make  sure  that 
your  wife  and  children  would  not  be  in  want  if  you 
were  taken  away  by  death  ? 

Who  will  care  for  them  then,  if  you  will  not  care 
for  them  now  ? 

Every  man  owes  it  to  himself,  to  his  family,  and 
to  the  world  to  look  out  for  the  future  of  his  wife 
and  children. 


LESSON  LXV 

AN   ENTERTAINMENT 
Learn  :  May  I  have  the  next  dance  ? 

idea  audience 

practicing  including 

,    national  entirely 

appeared  stranger 

It  was  the  end  of  the  first  term  at  evening  school. 

The  teacher  asked  if  we  would  like  to  have  an 

* 

entertainment. 

Every  one  was  pleased  with  the  idea,  and  one  man 
thought  it  would  be  pleasant  to  sing  some  of  the  songs 
we  knew  so  long  ago. 

Each  night  for  about  two  weeks  before  the  enter- 
tainment all  the  classes  spent  about  fifteen  minutes 
practicing  their  songs.  What  a  good  time  we  had! 

It  seemed  as  if  we  made  new  friends  each  evening. 
I  did  not  know  any  of  the  other  pupils  until  now.-  I 
think  we  enjoyed  getting  ready  for  our  entertainment 
as  much  as  the  entertainment  itself. 

When  the  night  of  the  entertainment  came,  we 
marched  upstairs  to  the  hall. 

One  of  the  numbers  on  our  program  was  a  Flag 
Drill.  I  will  tell  you  about  this  number. 

153 


154  AN  ENTERTAINMENT 

First  an  Albanian  boy  came  out  at  the  rear  of  the 
stage,  and  turning  a  square  corner  marched  down  at 
the  left  to  the  front.  On  his  right  shoulder  he  carried 
the  Albanian  flag.  When  he  appeared  on  the  stage 
the  Albanian  pupils  rose  and  sang  the  Albanian  na- 
tional song.  Then  they  sat  down. 

Next  came  Mr.  Capano,  who  passed  out  to  the 
right  of  the  stage,  and  turning  a  corner  like  a  soldier, 
marched  down  to  the  front,  with  the  Italian  flag  on 
his  shoulder.  All  his  Italian  countrymen  rose  and 
sang  Garabaldi's  hymn.  Then  they,  too,  sat  down. 

One  by  one,  a  member  of  each  nationality  in  school 
passed  on  to  the  stage  carrying  his  national  flag. 
They  filled  in  at  the  right  and  left,  while  their  group 
of  countrymen  rose  and  sang  their  national  song. 

At  last  there  was  one  space  left  in  the  middle  of 
the  line  across  the  stage. 

A  bright  eyed  American  boy  appeared  with  the 
American  flag  high  above  his  head,  and  took  his 
place  in  the  middle.  Down  came  every  other  flag, 
which  until  now  had  rested  on  the  shoulders  of  the 
men  standing  on  the  stage.  The  flags  were  changed 
from  the  right  to  the  left  hand,  with  the  staff  resting 
on  the  floor. 

Every  one  in  the  audience  arose  and  all,  including 
those  on  the  stage,  raising  the  right  hand  to  the  fore- 
head, saluted  the  American  flag. 


AN  ENTERTAINMENT 


155 


"I  pledge  allegiance  to  my  flag  and  to  the  Repub- 
lic for  which  it  stands,  one  nation,  indivisible,  with 
liberty  and  justice  to  all." 


FORTY-FOUR  NATIONALITIES  —  ALL  AMERICANS 

Then  while  the  other  flags  were  lowered  and  the 
American  flag  was  raised  high  over  all,  every  one 
joined  in  singing  "America." 

I  have  never  heard  it  sung  better.  It  seemed  as 
if  we  were  all  brothers  and  sisters  in  this  beautiful 
land  of  the  free. 

Singing  our  national  songs  first  while  our  old 
flag  was  raised,  and  then  lowering  the  flags  of  the 
old  country  while  the  flag  of  America,  the  new  coun- 
try, was  raised,  seemed  to  bring  us  nearer  together. 
I  began  to  feel  as  if  here  in  America  you  did  not  really 


156  AN  ENTERTAINMENT 

want  me  to  forget  my  old  country  entirely.  I  felt 
that  I  could  love  that  flag  and  that  country  some, 
while  I  loved  America  and  the  American  flag  still 
more.  And  that  all  sons  and  daughters  of  the  old 
world,  no  matter  what  country  they  came  from,  were 
sons  and  daughters  of  the  new. 

I  have  never  forgotten  that  party  or  that  flag  drill, 
and  I  have  heard  other  men  say  the  same. 

When  the  next  term  opened,  which  was  in  a  week, 
I  found  many  friends  among  my  schoolmates.  Some 
were  from  Greece,  some  were  from  Italy,  but  we  all 
seemed  to  be  of  one  country  now  —  America. 

The  dance  that  followed  the  entertainment  helped 
us  to  know  each  other  better,  and  I  no  longer  felt  like 
a  stranger  in  a  strange  land. 

I  hope  we  have  other  parties  and  I  hope  they  will 
be  something  like  the  last  one,  where  I  had  a  better 
time  than  ever  before  in  America. 

Facts  :  Besides  the  Governor  there  are  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor ,  and  several  other  executive  officers  to  carry 
on  the  work  of  the  government. 


LESSON  LXVI 

FOREIGN  EXCHANGE  —  CABLE  REMITTANCES 

anxious  cabled 

converted  correspondent 

currency  advised 

exchange  signed 

rate  identify 

Mr.  De  Piso  wanted  to  bring  his  wife  to  America. 
He  wished  to  send  her  eighty-four  dollars  to  buy  her 
steamship  ticket.  He  was  anxious  to  get  the  money 
to  her  as  quickly  as  possible. 

He  went  to  the  Foreign  Exchange  desk  at  the 
Second  National  Bank.  He  told  the  clerk  he  wished 
to  send  eighty-four  dollars  ($84.00)  to  Italy.  The 
clerk  took  the  money.  He  converted  it  into  lire, 
which  is  the  currency  of  Italy.  The  exchange  rate 
of  the  day  was  six  lire  for  each  dollar.  So  Mr.  De 
Piso's  eighty-four  dollars  were  worth  five  hundred 
and  four  (504)  lire. 

The  clerk  filled  out  a  blank  and  gave  Mr.  De  Piso 
a  receipt  for  eighty-four  dollars. 

Mr.  De  Piso  had  to  give  the  full  name  and  address 
of  the  person  to  whom  the  money  was  to  be  sent. 
He  also  gave  his  own  full  name  and  address. 

The  bank  cabled  to  its  correspondent  bank  in  Italy, 

157 


158  FOREIGN   EXCHANGE 

which  advised  Mrs.  De  Piso  that  the  money  was 
waiting  for  her. 

She  brought  a  friend  to  the  bank  to  identify  her, 
and  was  paid  the  money.  She  received  the  money 
within  three  days  after  her  husband  had  sent  it. 

Facts  :  In  the  state  government  as  in  the  national 
government,  the  Judicial  Department  is  made  up  of 
courts  and  judges.  The  highest  court  of  the  state  is 
the  Supreme  Court.  In  some  states  the  highest  court 
is  called  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

EXERCISES 

How  much  money  did  Mr.  De  Piso  send  to  his 
wife  in  Italy  ? 

Why  did  he  wish  her  to  get  it  quickly  ? 

How  did  he  send  it  ? 

Did  you  ever  send  a  cable  remittance  ? 

How  much  was  one  dollar  worth  in  lire  when  Mr. 
De  Piso  sent  his  money  ? 

How  many  lire  were  eighty-four  dollars  worth  ? 

What  information  did  Mr.  De  Piso  give  the  bank 
clerk  ? 

How  did  Mrs.  De  Piso  know  that  the  money  was 
waiting  for  her  ? 

How  long  did  it  take  to  get  the  money  to  Mrs. 
De  Piso  ? 


FOREIGN  EXCHANGE       .  159 

TABLE  SHOWING  NORMAL  VALUE  OF  FOREIGN  MONEY 

French  franc =  19.3  cents 

Belgian  franc =  19.3  cents 

Italian  lira    =  19.3  cents 

German  mark =23-9  cents 

Swedish,  Norwegian  and  Danish 

kroner =26.87  cents 

Austrian  and  Hungarian  crown  =  20.  cents 

British  shilling =25-  cents 

Russian  ruble =52-  cents 

Greek  drachma  =  19.3  cents 

Turkish  piaster =  4-4  cents 

Portuguese  escudo   =  108  cents 

Roumanian  lei =  19.3  cents 

Find  the  value  of  the  following  foreign  coins  in 
United  States  money : 

Five  French  francs 
Three  Belgian  francs 
Eight  Italian  lire 
Six  German  marks 
Four  British  shillings 
Seven  Greek  drachmas 
Nine  Russian  rubles 


LESSON   LXVII 

DRAFTS 

draft  delayed 

amount  issue 

received  duplicate 

safe  seldom 

Mr.  De  Piso  had  often  sent  money  to  his  wife  in 
Italy.  Whenever  he  was  not  in  a  hurry  he  sent  her 
a  draft.  He  knew  that  this  was  the  best  way  to  send 
money  across  the  ocean,  if  he  had  time. 

Sending  a  draft  is  like  sending  a  check. 

All  Mr.  De  Piso  had  to  do  was  to  go  to  the  bank 
and  buy  a  draft.  He  then  put  the  draft  into  a  letter 
and  mailed  it  to  his  wife. 

His  wife  took  the  draft  to  the  bank  named  on  it, 
or  to  her  own  bank,  and  received  the  same  amount 
of  money  that  her  husband  paid  for  it. 

Mrs.  De  Piso  had  never  lost  even  one  cent.  Send- 
ing money  in  this  way  is  very  safe.  If  the  person  to 
whom  it  is  sent  should  have  left  the  country,  the 
money  is  returned  to  the  bank  in  America.  The 
money  may  be  delayed  two  or  three  months,  but  it 
is  always  paid  back. 

160 


DRAFTS  161 

If  the  boat  on  which  the  money  is  sent  should  sink, 
the  bank  would  issue  a  duplicate  draft  and  the  money 
would  be  paid  just  the  same. 

It  is  very  seldom  that  any  money  is  lost  in  sending 
drafts. 

Facts :  The  city  charter  is  the  fundamental  law  of 
the  city.  The  state  grants  the  city  its  charter.  All 
city  laws  must  agree  with  the  charter.  The  city  charter 
must  agree  with  the  state  constitution. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  a  draft  ? 

Where  do  you  buy  a  draft  ? 

How  do  you  send  it  ? 

Where  does  the  person  to  whom  the  draft  is  sent, 
take  it  ? 

How  much  money  will  he  receive  at  the  bank  for 
the  draft  ? 

What  would  happen  if  the  person  to  whom  the 
draft  is  sent  had  left  the  country  ? 

Would  the  person  sending  the  money  lose  it  if 
the  boat  on  which  the  draft  was  sent,  sunk  ? 

What  would  the  bank  do  if  the  boat  sunk  ? 

Is  sending  money  by  draft  a  safe  way  ? 


LESSON  LXVIII 

A   MAIL   REMITTANCE 

notice  extra 

sum  usually 

charges  expecting 

A  foreigner  who  did  not  understand  English 
wished  to  send  some  money  home. 

He  went  to  a  bank  which  had  a  foreign  exchange 
department.  The  bank  sent  a  "mail  payment" 
for  the  amount  of  money  he  wished  to  send  and  gave 
him  a  receipt. 

The  bank  then  sent  a  notice  to  its  correspondent 
bank  in  Europe.  This  bank  notified  the  person 
named  in  the  mail  payment  that  a  sum  of  money  was 
waiting  for  him. 

This  person  brought  some  one  to  identify  him, 
and  the  bank  then  paid  him  the  money. 

The  correspondent  bank  sent  a  receipt  to  the  bank 
in  America. 

A  little  extra  money  is  charged  for  the  cost  of  mak- 
ing a  mail  payment.  It  is  usually  about  thirty 
cents.  If  the  bank  sent  a  mail  payment  for  sixty 
dollars,  you  would  have  to  pay  sixty  dollars  and 
thirty  cents  ($60.30). 

162 


A   MAIL  REMITTANCE  163 

Whenever  money  is  sent  by  cable,  draft,  or  mail 
remittance,  the  person  sending  the  money  should 
notify  the  person  to  whom  it  is  sent,  so  that  he  may 
tell  the  bank  that  he  is  expecting  it. 

Sometimes  mistakes  are  made  in  the  spelling  of 
a  name.  The  address  may  be  wrong.  It  always 
makes  it  easier  and  safer  if  the  person  to  whom  the 
money  is  sent  knows  that  it  is  coming. 

Facts  :  City  government,  like  the  State  and  National 
government,  is  divided  into  three  departments.  They 
are  the  Legislative  Department,  the  Executive  Depart- 
ment, and  Judicial  Department. 

EXERCISES 

What  is  a  mail  remittance  ? 

How  is  a  mail  remittance  sent  ? 

What  charge  is  usually  made  for  sending  a  mail 
remittance  ? 

What  would  you  have  to  pay  for  sending  a  mail 
remittance  of  sixty  dollars  ? 

What  should  a  person  sending  a  cable  remittance, 
a  draft,  or  a  mail  remittance  always  do  ? 

Why  is  it  necessary  to  notify  the  person  to  whom 
the  money  is  sent  ? 

Why  must  the  person  to  whom  the  money  is  sent 
bring  some  one  to  identify  him  ? 


LESSON  LXIX 

THE  PAST  AND   THE   PROGRESSIVE  PAST 

Past 

They  walked  along  the  seashore. 
They  talked  of  life  in  America. 
They  compared  it  with  life  in  Europe. 
They  told  of  the  things  that  had  happened  since 
they  came. 

They  wished  their  families  were  here. 

Progressive  Past 

They  were  walking  along  the  seashore. 
They  were  talking  of  life  in  America. 
They  were  comparing  it  with  life  in  Europe. 
They  were  telling  of  the  things  that  had  happened 
since  they  came. 

They  were  wishing  their  families  were  here. 

I  was  walking.  We  were  walking. 

You  were  walking.         You  were  walking. 
He  was  walking.  They  were  walking. 

She  was  walking. 
It  was  walking. 

164 


PAST  AND   PROGRESSIVE   PAST  165 

EXERCISES 
Change  these  sentences  to  the  Progressive  Past : 

The  sun  shone  brightly. 

The  boat  danced  on  the  waves. 

The  men  watched  the  children. 

They  played  in  the  water  and  along  the  beach. 

They  had  such  a  good  time. 

They  enjoyed  every  minute  of  their  holiday. 

Answer  these  questions,  using  the  Progressive  Past. 

Who  was  writing  a  letter  ? 
What  lessons  were  you  reading  ? 
Where  was  she  going  ? 
Who  was  taking  the  tickets  ? 
Who  was  rowing  the  boat  ? 
Where  was  he  waiting  ? 

Fill  in  the  blanks  with  the  Progressive  Past  form 
of  the  word  writing. 

I We- 

You You 


He They  - 

She- 

Facts :  The  Legislative  Department  makes  the  laws. 
The  City  Council  or  Board  of  Aldermen  belong  to  the 
Legislative  Department. 


LESSON  LXX 

TELEGRAMS   AND   NIGHT   LETTERS 

(The  teacher  should  have  several  telegraph  blanks  at  hand. 
Have  pupils  write  telegrams  saying  they  have  missed  a  train, 
accepting  a  position,  reporting  an  accident,  etc.  Write  night 
letter  telling  condition  of  brother  who  is  in  a  hospital.) 


Send  the  following  ra  «***«.  subject  to  the  t«m 
oo  tack  hereof,  which  «x»  hereby  •grad  to 


To            rffo/j         C/zr^L^c-"      ^L^ 

L^^-z^ 

&«^»  and  N«.       <S~<?  >        %^<L 

^u  ^X/. 

^T^^K^^/T       JLt^s-     ^^t^S^^lL.r^S           J}^^3? 

,£,^-^•^4       ^/    jLt-vJ^T^ 

•^^-W      ^/     v                              . 

(Lsmt  J^^,%   V 

^* 

"^    /  ' 

/^LtL&e^>J~    S?  ^*^,^JZ^^_ 

a 

/*-  'hz^JeJ,.  -t^/ 

/3<^Z^>^-     ^?   4/                                    4-  £0*-  "to? 

r  oS-  A  •  •  ttd  n                                                                      ^/ 

message 
cost 
blank 
telephone 
operator 

Bnaar. 

notice 
overhead 
humming 
unnecessary 
misunderstood 

166 


TELEGRAMS   AND    NIGHT   LETTERS         167 


UNION 
AM 


COIMC  W.  t  ATKINi.  nMT  m«»Mlt*W(MT 


Send  the  following  rocM»ge,  .object  .o  the  ten 
on  twck  hereof,  which  are  hereby  »»re*d  to 


Street  end  No. 


* 

o 


There  are  many  quick  ways  of  sending  a  message 
to-day.  The  quickest  way  of  sending  a  written  mes- 
sage is  by  telegraph. 

A  telegram  is  charged  for,  word  by  word,  so  the 
message  is  usually  short.  A  telegram  is  sent  out  as 
soon  as  the  telegraph  company  receives  it. 

A  night  letter  is  also  sent  by  telegraph.  It  is  sent 
out  some  time  during  the  night  and  the  person  to 
whom  it  is  sent  gets  it  the  next  morning.  You  can 
send  a  fifty-word  night  letter  for  the  same  cost  as  a 
ten-word  telegram. 


i68         TELEGRAMS  AND   NIGHT  LETTERS 

In  making  out  the  blank  to  send  a  telegram  or  a 
night  letter,  write  the  name  of  the  person  to  whom 
the  message  is  sent,  his  address  (Street  and  No.), 
and  the  city  and  state  where  he  is  (Place). 

Next  write  the  message  and  sign  your  name. 

In  the  lower  left-hand  corner  of  the  blank  write 
the  address  to  which  you  want  the  answer  sent.  In 
the  lower  right-hand  corner  write  your  telephone 
number. 

Give  the  blank  to  the  telegraph  operator  and  she 
will  send  the  message. 

Did  you  ever  notice  the  overhead  wires  that  run 
along  the  railroad  tracks  ?  Sometimes  we  hear  them 
humming  in  the  wind.  These  are  the  wires  that 
carry  telegraph  messages. 

Every  one  should  know  how  to  write  a  short  mes- 
sage clearly,  leaving  out  any  unnecessary  words. 

Some  telegrams  are  misunderstood  because  the 
sender  did  not  state  his  message  clearly. 

Facts  :  The  Executive  Department  enforces  the  laws. 
The  Mayor,  the  Police  Department,  the  Fire  Depart- 
ment, the  Health  Department,  and  others  belong  to  the 
Executive  Department. 


LESSON  LXXI 

USE   OF  RELATIVE  PRONOUNS 
Who  (Persons) 

The  man  who  does  his  work  honestly  will  succeed. 
Where  is  the  woman  who  was  looking  for  me  ? 

Whose  (Persons) 

The  men,  whose  car  it  was,  had  left  it. 
It  belongs  to  a  girl  whose  name  is  Mary. 

Whom  (Persons) 

The  man  to  whom  I  was  talking  was  the  foreman. 
The  employees  with  whom  I  work  are  very  well 
satisfied. 

Which  (Things) 

These  are  the  houses  which  are  for  sale. 
The  knives  which  you  ordered  have  been  sent. 

That  (Persons,  Animals,  or  Things) 

The  child  that  I  saw  was  lost. 
Dogs  that  had  been  trained  saved  many  lives  during 
the  war. 

I  work  in  a  factory  that  is  near  the  car  line. 

169 


170  USE   OF   RELATIVE   PRONOUNS 

who     1 

whose  \  refers  to  persons 


whom 

which  refers  to  things 


that  refers  to 


persons 
animals 
things 


Facts  :  The  Judicial  Department  is  made  up  oj 
courts  and  judges.  All  legal  matters  of  the  city  are 
settled  through  the  Judicial  Department. 

EXERCISES 

Fill  in  the  blank  spaces  with  who,  whose,  whom, 
which,  or  that. 

This  is  the  man  -     -  drove  the  automobile. 
May  I  see  the  piano  -     -  is  for  sale  ? 
Where  are  the  people  with  -      -  you  came  ? 

This  is  the  horse ran  away. 

Where  is  the  woman  -      -  bank  book  was  lost  ? 
Soldiers  are  taught  many  things  -     -  are  useful  to 
them. 

The  girl  -      -  I  saw  was  sick. 

The  pupils  with  -      -  you  came  have  gone  home. 


LESSON  LXXII 

WORKMEN'S   COMPENSATION   LAW 

(The  teacher  should  become  familiar  with  the  Compensation 
Law  in  force  in  her  state  so  that  she  can  explain  it  to  her  pupils.) 

injured  share 

suffering  burden 

impossible  faulty 

provides  machinery 

compensation  prevent 

Some  years  ago  a  man  who  was  injured  at  work 
often  found  himself  with  no  money  to  pay  his 
doctor's  bills. 

He  had  no  claim  to  wages,  and  if  he  had  a  wife 
and  family,  they  often  suffered  want. 

The  governments  of  many  states  have  made  a 
law  which  makes  such  suffering  and  want  impossible 
now.  This  law  is  called  the  Workmen's  Compen- 
sation Act. 

The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  provides  that 
if  a  person  is  injured  at  work,  compensation  (money) 
shall  be  paid  him  for  a  certain  length  of  time. 

In  some  states  compensation  does  not  begin  until 
ten  days  after  the  injury,  because  the  worker  himself 
has  to  bear  some  share  of  the  burden. 

171 


172          WORKMEN'S    COMPENSATION   LAW 

Some  accidents  are  due  to  faulty  machinery.  But 
a  great  many  are  due  to  carelessness  on  the  part  of 
the  workman. 

It  is  much  better  to  prevent  accidents  than  to  pay 
compensation.  Therefore  payment  does  not  start 
immediately,  and  is  usually  two  thirds  of  the  week's 
wages. 

Each  state  has  made  its  own  laws,  and  these  laws 
differ  in  some  respects. 

The  Workmen's  Compensation  Act  was  drawn 
up  by  the  government  to  protect  employees  and  their 
dependents. 

Facts  :  Some  cities  have  a  commission  form  of  govern- 
ment. The  government  of  the  city  is  in  the  hands  of  a 
few  men.  One  of  these  men  is  the  Mayor.  Each  of 
the  other  men  has  charge  of  one  of  the  departments  into 
which  the  work  of  the  city  is  divided. 

Instructions  on  Reporting  Injuries 

(To  be  read  and  explained  to  the  pupils  by  the  teacher,  then 
read  and  explained  by  the  pupils.) 

To  get  the  benefits  under  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Law,  certain  rules  should  be  followed. 

Any  employee,  upon  receiving  an  injury,  no 
matter  how  slight  it  may  be,  should  tell  his  foreman 
or  employer  at  once.  He  should  tell  them  all  about 
the  injury,  and  how  it  happened. 


WORKMEN'S   COMPENSATION  LAW          173 

He  should  tell  where  it  happened  and  when  it 
happened. 

Sometimes  a  worker  will  tell  another  worker  of  an 
injury.  This  is  not  enough.  The  employer  should 
be  told  of  it. 

If  the  employee  fails  to  notify  his  foreman  or  em- 
ployer he  may  lose  any  right  to  the  benefits  of  the 
Compensation  Act. 

The  best  way  and  the  way  called  for  under  the  law 
of  many  states  is  to  hand  to  the  employer  a  written 
statement  of  how,  where,  and  when  the  injury  oc- 
curred. 

If  it  is  impossible  to  hand  such  a  statement  to  the 
employer,  it  should  be  sent  to  him  within  a  reasonable 
length  of  time  by  registered  mail. 

Such  reports  may  be  made  by  some  one  in  behalf 
of  the  worker,  as  well  as  by  the  worker  himself. 

It  often  happens  that  blood  poisoning  sets  in  after 
some  days  have  passed.  You  are  protected  if  the 
injury  has  been  reported. 

Remember  to  report  all  injuries,  however  slight 
they  may  be. 

Remember  also  that  it  is  better  to  prevent  an  ac- 
cident than  to  receive  compensation  for  an  accident. 


LESSON  LXXIII 

DISABLED   INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS 

crippled  supplied 

industrial  discouraged 

restored  advise 

devices  unfortunate 

productive  suitable 

Many  workers  have  suffered  the  loss  of  a  finger, 
a  hand,  or  a  foot  while  at  work. 

Some  years  ago  people  who  were  crippled  in  this 
way  were  thought  to  be  unable  to  do  work  in  fac- 
tories and  industrial  plants. 

It  has  been  found  that  there  is  much  work  that 
such  people  may  be  trained  or  educated  to  do. 

Many  soldiers  and  sailors  have  been  restored  by 
devices,  so  that  they  are  able  to  take  part  in  pro- 
ductive employment. 

Arms,  legs,  and  fingers  have  been  supplied  which 
seem  to  do  the  work  as  well  as  the  ones  which  were 
lost. 

No  one  who  has  received  such  an  injury  should  be 
discouraged. 

There  are  schools  in  which  they  may  be  educated 
further. 

174 


DISABLED    INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS          175 

Doctors  who  have  studied  the  matter  will  advise 
them  what  kind  of  work  it  is  best  for  them  to  do. 

There  is  much  work  to  be  done,  and  it  is  best  for 
all  to  do  some  work,  no  matter  how  unfortunate 
they  have  been. 

If  you  have  been  injured  and  find  it  hard  to  get 
suitable  work,  ask  your  teacher  to  help  you. 

Facts  :  Usually  in  a  commission  government,  the 
lawmaking  is  done  directly  by  the  voters  of  the  city. 
A  certain  number  of  voters  may  decide  that  a  law  is 
necessary. 

EXERCISES 

Describe  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Law. 

Why  was  it  made  ? 

By  whom  was  it  made  ? 

What  must  a  worker  do  as  soon  as  he  receives 
an  injury  ? 

Why  must  an  injury  be  reported  at  once  ? 

What  do  we  mean  by  "disabled  workers"  ? 

Does  a  man  who  has  lost  a  hand,  a  foot,  or  a  finger 
have  to  stop  working  ? 

What  kind  of  work  can  he  do  ? 

Who  will  advise  him  on  the  best  kind  of  work  for 
him  ? 

If  you  have  been  injured  and  find  it  hard  to  get 
suitable  work,  whom  will  you  ask  to  help  you  ? 


LESSON  LXXIV 

HOW  TO  BECOME  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

I 
Declaration  of  Intention 

citizen  residence 

happier  port 

filed  swore 

occupation  examination 

Mr.  Romando  came  from  Italy.  He  was  married 
and  had  four  children. 

He  wanted  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 
He  knew  that  if  he  became  a  citizen,  his  wife 1  and 
children  who  were  under  twenty-one  years  of  age 
would  become  citizens,  too.  He  knew  they  would 
all  be  happier. 

He  asked  his  teacher  in  the  Evening  School  what 
he  must  do.  She  said  that  the  first  step  toward 
becoming  a  citizen  is  the  filing  of  a  Declaration  of 
Intention. 

Any  one  who  is  eighteen  years  of  age  or  over  can 
do  this  as  soon  as  he  or  she  comes  to  America.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  know  how  to  speak  English. 

1  The  wife  becomes  a  citizen  whether  or  not  she  resides  in  the  United 
States ;  the  children  if  they  reside  in  the  United  States. 

176 


HOW  TO   BECOME   A   CITIZEN  177 

The  next  day  Mr.  Romando  went  to  the  Court 
House 1  and  filed  his  Declaration  of  Intention  or 
"First  Paper"  as  it  is  sometimes  called. 

He  gave  his  name,  his  age,  his  occupation,  where 
he  was  born,  the  date  of  his  birth,  his  present  resi- 
dence (address),  the  name  of  the  country  from  which 
he  came,  the  port  from  which  he  sailed,  the  name  of 
the  vessel  in  which  he  crossed  the  ocean,  the  port  at 
which  he  arrived,  and  the  date  of  his  arrival  in  the 
United  States. 

Mr.  Romando  swore  that  everything  he  said  was 
true.  He  paid  the  clerk  one  dollar  ($i). 

He  is  glad  that  he  can  go  to  Evening  School  to 
learn  about  our  government,  because  he  will  have  to 
pass  an  examination  before  he  can  become  a  citizen. 

Facts  :  The  law  is  written  out.  It  may  then  be  voted 
upon  by  all  the  voters  of  the  city. 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER:  Obtain  several  copies  of  the 
"Facts  for  Declaration  of  Intention"  and  have  the  pupils  fill 
them  out.  Be  sure  that  pupils  are  able  to  answer  accurately 
all  the  questions  contained  in  this  blank,  such  as  height,  weight, 
color  of  the  eyes,  hair,  etc. 

1  United  States  District  Court  or  Applicants'  own  County  Court. 


LESSON  LXXV 

HOW  TO  BECOME  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

(Continued) 

II 

Petition  for  Naturalization 
requested  witnesses 

Certificate  of  Arrival  appear 

notified  fee 

Two  years  had  passed  since  Mr.  Romando  had 
filed  his  Declaration  of  Intention.  He  had  lived  five 
years  in  this  country,  so  he  went  again  to  the  court- 
house. 

He  brought  with  him  his  "First  Paper."  He  had 
come  to  this  country  after  June  29,  1906,  so  the  clerk 
gave  him  a  paper  on  the  first  page  of  which  was  a 
"Request  for  a  Certificate  of  Arrival." 

Mr.  Romando  filled  this  out. 

Two  other  pages  called  for  the  "  Facts  for  Petition 
of  Naturalization,"  which  he  filled  out  also. 

The  whole  paper,  when  filled  out,  was  sent  to  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  "Certificate  of  Arrival"  was  sent  from  Wash- 
ington to  the  clerk  of  the  court. 

Mr.  Romando  was  then  notified  to  appear  at  the 

178 


HOW  TO  BECOME  A   CITIZEN  179 

court  with  two  witnesses  who  were  citizens  of  the 
United  States.  He  took  with  him  his  "First  Paper." 

The  whnesses  had  known  Mr.  Romando  a  long 
time.  They  swore  that  he  had  lived  in  the  United 
States  five  years,  that  he  had  lived  in  that  state  one 
year,  and  that  he  was  a  good  man. 

The  clerk  then  made  out  the  "  Petition  for  Natural- 
ization" or  "Second  Paper."  The  fee  for  this  peti- 
tion was  four  dollars  ($4.00). 

Later  Mr.  Romando  was  notified  to  appear  before 
the  United  States  Naturalization  Examiner.  The 
Examiner  asked  him  if  he  had  read  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.  He  also  asked  him  questions 
about  our  government.  Mr.  Romando  could  answer 
all  these  questions  correctly,  because  he  had  studied 
them  in  Evening  School. 

Final  Hearing 

After  ninety  days  had  passed  Mr.  Romando  was 
notified  to  appear  in  the  open  court  with  his  two 
witnesses.  He  may  now  be  examined  by  the  judge. 

The  judge  felt  sure  that  Mr.  Romando  understood 
our  government,  its  constitution,  and  its  laws,  and 
that  he  would  make  a  good  citizen. 

Mr.  Romando  took  the  oath  of  allegiance,  received 
his  "Certificate  of  Naturalization,"  and  became  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States. 


i8o  HOW  TO   BECOME   A   CITIZEN 

His  wife  and  children  under  twenty-one  years  of 
age  became  citizens,  too. 

This  was  a  happy  day  for  all  of  them. 

Facts  :  The  first  step  in  lawmaking  of  the  kind  just 
described 1  is  called  the  initiative.  The  last  step  is 
called  the  referendum. 

NOTE  TO  THE  TEACHER:  Procure  several  blanks  called 
"Facts  for  Petition  for  Naturalization"  and  have  the  class 
practice  filling  them  out. 

EXERCISES 

How  old  must  you  be  before  you  can  file  a  Dec- 
laration of  Intention  ? 

What  are  some  of  the  questions  which  you  have  to 
answer  ? 

What  fee  do  you  pay  when  you  file  a  Declaration 
of  Intention? 

How  long  must  you  have  lived  in  this  country  be- 
fore you  can  file  your  Petition  for  Naturalization  ? 

What  request  must  you  make  if  you  came  to  this 
country  after  June  29,  1906  ? 

What  fee  do  you  pay  when  you  file  your  Petition 
for  Naturalization  or  "  Second  Paper  "  ? 

By  whom  are  you  examined  ? 

What  oath  do  you  take  when  you  receive  your 
Certificate  of  Naturalization  ? 

1  Two  previous  "  Facts." 


APPENDIX 

STUDIES   IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS 

Greetings 
Good  morning. 
Good  afternoon. 
Good  evening. 
How  do  you  do  ? 
I  am  well,  thank  you. 
Many  happy  returns  of  the  day  ! 
I  wish  you  a  Merry  Christmas ! 
Happy  New  Year ! 
I  wish  you  the  same ! 

The  Weather 

Isn't  this  a  beautiful  day  ? 

It  is  clearing  up. 

It  is  growing  cold. 

The  temperature  has  fallen  10°. 

It  is  raining  again. 

Is  it  snowing  ? 

It  is  very  foggy. 

It  looks  like  rain. 

The  mist  is  heavy. 

See  the  big  hailstones. 

At  Work 

This  is  pay  day. 
That's  a  neat  job. 


182     STUDIES  IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS 

He  is  on  piece  work. 

She  is  a  day  worker. 

Did  you  ring  in  on  the  time  clock  ? 

We  employ  two  hundred  hands. 

I  worked  three  hours  overtime. 

I  was  paid  time  and  a  half. 

He  is  out  of  work. 

I  am  an  apprentice. 

We  finish  at  five. 

He  is  a  steady  worker. 

On  the  Street 

He  paid  no  attention  to  the  signal. 
It  was  his  own  fault. 
He  stepped  in  front  of  the  car. 
It  is  safe  to  cross  now. 
Clear  the  way. 
Car  coming. 
Step  lively. 
Watch  the  officer. 
Watch  your  step. 
Keep  to  the  right. 
This  is  a  one  way  street. 

In  an  Employment  Office 
What  kind  of  work  do  you  want  ? 
Have  you  had  any  experience  ? 
Where  did  you  work  last  ? 


STUDIES  IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS     183 

Why  did  you  leave  ? 

Have  you  any  references  ? 

You  must  have  a  physical  examination. 

Sign  this  card. 

Come  at  one  o'clock. 

Call  to-morrow. 

We  do  not  need  any  one  now. 

Can  you  read  and  write  ? 

Asking  Directions 

What  is  the  shortest  way  to  the  railroad  station, 
please  ? 

Direct  me  to  the  nearest  drug  store. 
Where  is  the  public  library  ? 
What  car  do  I  take  to  the  Falls  ? 
Tell  me  how  to  get  to  the  High  School. 

Giving  Directions 

Walk  two  blocks  east  and  turn  to  the  right. 

It  is  on  the  corner  of  this  street. 

The  public  library  is  on  the  corner  of  Main  Street 
and  Whitney  Ave. 

Take  a  Newton  Falls  car. 

Walk  up  Fourth  Street  to  Broadway.  It  is  about 
three  blocks  east  on  Broadway. 

I  am  sorry  I  cannot  tell  you.  You  had  better  ask 
that  policeman. 


184     STUDIES   IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS 

On  a  Train 
All  aboard. 

Train  is  leaving. 
Tickets  please. 
Tickets  out  of  Detroit. 
The  next  station  is  Jersey  City. 
Change  for  the  Pennsylvania  Station  and  uptown 
New  York. 

Change  cars  at  Albany. 

On  a  Street  Car 
Fares,  please. 

Fares  in  the  box. 

Move  up  forward,  please. 

Plenty  of  room  in  the  front  of  the  car. 

Have  the  right  fare  ready. 

Do  not  stand  on  the  platform. 

Do  not  stand  in  the  vestibule. 

Transfers  ? 

Change  cars. 

All  out.     This  is  as  far  as  the  car  goes. 

Leave  by  the  rear  door. 

Buying 

I  would  like  to  see  a  pair  of  walking  boots. 
What  is  the  price,  please  ? 
Show  me  another  pair. 
Will  you  send  it  ? 
When  will  it  be  delivered  ? 


STUDIES  IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS     185 

May  I  take  it  out  on  approval  ? 

Is  this  marked  down  ? 

What  is  the  regular  price  ? 

That  fits  nicely. 

I  will  take  this. 

Wrap  it  up  well,  please. 

Send  it  by  express. 

Send  it  by  freight. 

Selling 

How  does  that  feel  ? 
It  will  go  out  on  the  next  order. 
It  will  not  be  delivered  until  to-morrow. 
This  is  marked  down. 
That  is  the  sale  price. 
These  are  reduced  for  to-day  only. 
That  is  a  real  bargain. 
If  you  don't  like  it,  bring  it  back. 
It  looks  well  on  you. 

You  can  change  it  within  forty-eight  hours. 
I  will  send  it  C.  O.  D. 
It  will  wear  well. 
At  wholesale. 
Thank  you,  madam. 
Come  again. 

We  guarantee  every  article  we  sell. 
We  will  return  the  money,  if  it  is  not  satisfactory. 
Our  merchandise  stands  up  under  any  test. 


186     STUDIES   IN  EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS 

At  the  Butcher  Shop 
This  piece  is  too  fat. 
Cut  it  thin,  please. 
How  much  is  this  a  pound  ? 
Take  out  the  bone. 
I  want  a  piece  to  boil. 
Have  you  a  lean  roast  ? 
Grind  it  for  me,  please. 

At  the  Grocery  Store 

If  you  are  pleased  tell  others,  if  not  tell  us. 
Our  goods  are  guaranteed. 
We  strive  to  please  our  customers. 
Pay  at  the  desk. 
How  many  ? 
Good  goods  at  low  prices. 

At  the  Theater 
Rise,  please. 

A  ticket  for  Tuesday  night's  performance. 
A  seat  in  the  first  balcony. 
I  would  like  the  front  row. 
Have  you  an  end  seat  ? 

Examine  your  tickets  before  leaving  the  window. 
May  I  exchange  these  tickets  for  Saturday  night  ? 
I  would  like  three  fifty-cent  seats. 
May  I  have  a  program,  please  ? 
First  row  to  the  right. 


STUDIES   IN   EVERYDAY  EXPRESSIONS     187 

Illness 

I  have  a  toothache. 
I  have  a  headache. 
I  have  a  sore  throat. 
He  looks  pale. 
Has  he  any  fever  ? 
His  temperature  has  gone  up. 
Take  this  medicine. 
Have  this  prescription  filled. 
Shake  before  using. 
His  temperature  is  normal. 

Time 

Immediately. 
At  once. 
Very  soon. 
How  long  will  it  be  ? 
As  soon  as  possible. 
Right  away,  please. 
All  the  time. 
Once  in  a  while. 
In  a  few  minutes. 
Wait  a  minute. 
To-morrow. 
Next  week. 

One  week  from  to-morrow 
A  week  from  to-night. 
Yesterday. 


i88     STUDIES   IN   EVERYDAY   EXPRESSIONS 

Last  Sunday. 
Last  week. 
Last  week  Monday. 
The  week  before  last. 
Three  weeks  ago. 
Some  time  ago. 
Take  your  time. 
Two  years  ago. 
Last  year. 
U^Time  is  up. 

Sending  and  Receiving  Telegrams 
This  was  sent  "Collect." 
Sign  here,  please. 
Is  there  any  answer  ? 
Yes,  give  me  a  telegram  blank. 
Rush  this  message. 

How  much  does  it  cost  to  send  ten  words  ? 
What  is  it  about  ? 
What  does  it  say  ? 
Good  news. 
I  don't  understand  it. 

Who  sent  it  ? 

Telephoning 

Hello. 
Good-by. 
Number,  please. 
Give  me  Main  2775  J. 


STUDIES   IN   EVERYDAY   EXPRESSIONS      189 

A  nickel,  please. 

Hang  up  the  receiver. 

I  will  call  you. 

They  don't  answer. 

Pll  ring  them  again. 

Give  me  information,  please. 

Line  busy,  no  charge. 

Toll  operator. 

I  will  return  your  money. 

Miscellaneous 
I  have  to  go  now. 
What  is  the  matter  ? 
I  can't  help  it. 
Don't  run. 
Go  along. 
There's  no  hurry. 
I  don't  know  about  that. 
Try  it  again. 
Don't  be  afraid. 
Look  out. 
Watch  out. 
Hold  on. 

They  passed  us  out. 
That's  my  fault. 
Yes,  indeed ! 
Set  the  table. 
Watch  your  step. 


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